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Questions and Answers
When inserting a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, what is the correct sequence of steps?
When inserting a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, what is the correct sequence of steps?
What is the indication for using a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube?
What is the indication for using a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube?
How should the ties of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube fit?
How should the ties of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube fit?
Where should the ties of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube be positioned?
Where should the ties of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube be positioned?
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What is the purpose of the mnemonic 'FATHER DON'T WAIT'?
What is the purpose of the mnemonic 'FATHER DON'T WAIT'?
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What should be prepared at the bedside for nasogastric tube insertion?
What should be prepared at the bedside for nasogastric tube insertion?
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What is the recommended position for a conscious patient during nasogastric tube insertion?
What is the recommended position for a conscious patient during nasogastric tube insertion?
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What is the recommended position for an unconscious patient during nasogastric tube insertion?
What is the recommended position for an unconscious patient during nasogastric tube insertion?
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What is a precaution to be taken during Sengstaken-Blakemore tube insertion?
What is a precaution to be taken during Sengstaken-Blakemore tube insertion?
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What is a component of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube?
What is a component of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube?
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Study Notes
Blood Exam
- White Blood Cell count: 5,000 to 10,000/ul
- Leukocytosis: infection or inflammation, indicated by an increased WBC count
- Leukopenia: risk of infection, indicated by a decreased WBC count
Lipoprotein
- Lipoprotein: transporter of fats
- HDL (Good): fats move from blood vessels to liver
- LDL (Bad): fats move from liver to blood vessels
Hematocrit and Hemoglobin
- Hematocrit (Hct): RBC concentration to blood
- Male: 41%-51%, Female: 36%-46%
- Hemoglobin (Hb): Male: 14g/dl to 18g/dl, Female: 12g/dl to 16g/dl
- Relationship: Hct and Hb are directly related
- Polycythemia: increased RBC count, indicated by increased Hct
- Anemia: decreased RBC count, indicated by decreased Hct
Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)
- pH range: 7.35-7.45
- Respiratory Opposite pH (ROME)
- Metabolic Equal or same direction with pH
- Buffers: Respiratory PaCO2 and Metabolic HCO3
- Parameter that meets ROME = PROBLEM
- Parameter that fails ROME = other values
Barium Studies
- Fluoroscopy: series of x-rays
- Contraindicated: Pregnant women
- Barium Swallow:
- NPO: post midnight
- Assess for allergy to barium
- Position: Fowler's
- Barium Enema:
- Low residue diet
- Laxative
- NPO: post midnight
- If affected side is posterior, place patient in prone position
Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)
- Best time: before meals or bedtime, 2 hours after meals, after nebulization
- Time: 10-15 minutes
- Entire CPT should not be more than 30 minutes
- Vest: increase frequency chest wall oscillation (suction after)
Suctioning
- To clear airway and maintain patent airway
- Who needs suctioning?
- Remove old ties and insert new ties
- Ties fit snugly if 2 fingers can be inserted
- Tied at the side of the neck
Nasogastric Tube Insertion
- Position:
- Conscious: Upright/ High-fowlers
- Unconscious: Upright/ high-fowlers with head turned to RIGHT
- Prepare at bedside: suction machine, obturator, and inner cannula
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Description
Test your knowledge on blood examination, including white blood cells and fasting blood sugar levels. Learn to identify normal ranges and diagnose conditions like leukocytosis.
