Blood Composition & Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of total body weight does blood represent?

  • 5 percent
  • 12 percent
  • 10 percent
  • 8 percent (correct)
  • What is the average volume of blood in women?

  • 7 liters
  • 6 liters
  • 4 liters
  • 5 liters (correct)
  • Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

  • Leukocytes
  • Erythrocytes (correct)
  • Platelets
  • Plasma
  • What is the packed cell volume (hematocrit) percentage in men?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do leukocytes play in the body?

    <p>Defend against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a component of blood?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets in the blood?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid portion of blood called?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of hemoglobin (Hb) in erythrocytes?

    <p>To carry O2 molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of O2 in the blood is carried by hemoglobin?

    <p>98.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mature erythrocytes is true?

    <p>They have no organelles and rely on glycolysis for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hemoglobin molecules are typically found in a single red blood cell?

    <p>250 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hemoglobin combine with at the tissue level to help with buffering?

    <p>Hydrogen ions (H+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does nitric oxide (NO2) have in the lungs?

    <p>Causes vasodilation of arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure, what happens to hemoglobin?

    <p>It binds CO irreversibly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enzymes do mature erythrocytes contain for energy production?

    <p>Glycolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of phagocytes during inflammation?

    <p>To isolate and destroy invaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the inflammatory response?

    <p>Specific targeting of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are erythrocytes derived from?

    <p>Pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are considered committed to becoming mature erythrocytes?

    <p>Erythroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the inflammatory response?

    <p>Pathogens or sterile injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

    <p>To transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do resident tissue macrophages release to initiate inflammation?

    <p>Cytokines and chemokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to erythrocytes as they mature?

    <p>They extrude their nucleus and organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of localized edema during inflammation?

    <p>To wall off the inflamed area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does erythropoiesis occur?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reticulocytes?

    <p>Immature red blood cells with organelle remnants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of stem cell mentioned in erythropoiesis?

    <p>Monocyte stem cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't erythrocytes replenish their own numbers?

    <p>They cannot divide due to lack of nucleus and organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can individuals with type A blood do regarding blood donation?

    <p>Accept blood from type O individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about anti-Rh antibodies?

    <p>They are produced only by Rh-negative individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of blood clumping caused by incompatible transfusions?

    <p>Blockage of blood flow in capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person has anti-A antibodies, what type of blood can they safely receive?

    <p>Type O blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of individual would have no anti-A or anti-B antibodies?

    <p>Type AB individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when blood from a donor with incompatible blood type is transfused?

    <p>The recipient's immune system may attack the donor's red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with blood cells rupturing due to an incompatible blood donation?

    <p>Release of hemoglobin that can cause kidney damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood can a person with type O blood donate to?

    <p>Anyone, regardless of blood type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood: Composition & Function

    • Blood is a vital bodily fluid, comprising 8 percent of total body weight.
    • Average blood volume: 5 liters in women, with a hematocrit of 42%.
    • Average blood volume: 5.5 liters in men, with a hematocrit of 45%
    • Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood.
    • Blood consists of three main components:
      • Erythrocytes (Red blood cells – important in oxygen transport)
      • Leukocytes (White blood cells – immune system's defense force)
      • Platelets (Thrombocytes – essential for hemostasis, the process of blood clotting)
    • Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.

    Erythrocytes: Red Blood Cells

    • Erythrocytes are highly specialized and do not contain a nucleus or organelles.
    • Most of the cell's interior is filled with hemoglobin (Hb) molecules.
    • Each Hb molecule transports four oxygen molecules.
    • Hb also binds to carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen ions (H+), and nitric oxide (NO).
    • Erythrocytes rely on glycolysis for energy production.
    • Lacking mitochondria.
    • Erythrocytes are unable to divide, so they are constantly being replaced by new cells produced in the bone marrow.

    Hemoglobin: Essential for Oxygen Transport

    • Hb is responsible for carrying almost 98.5% of the oxygen in the blood.
    • Each red blood cell contains approximately 250 million Hb molecules, capable of carrying over a billion oxygen molecules.
    • Hb also binds to carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen ions (H+), and nitric oxide (NO).
    • CO poisoning occurs when CO binds irreversibly to Hb, preventing oxygen transport.

    Erythropoiesis: The Process of Red Blood Cell Production

    • Erythropoiesis is the process of producing new red blood cells in the bone marrow.
    • It occurs at a rate to maintain a constant supply of erythrocytes.

    Innate Immunity: First Line of Defense

    • Innate immunity is a non-specific defense mechanism against invaders and tissue injury.
    • The inflammatory response is triggered by tissue injury, regardless of the cause.
    • Resident tissue macrophages release cytokines and chemokines, initiating inflammation.
    • Mast cells are activated, releasing histamine, which causes localized vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
    • Edema (swelling) occurs in the inflamed area, which promotes phagocytosis and isolation of the invaders.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the composition and functions of blood! This quiz covers key elements such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma. Understand hematocrit values and the essential role of red blood cells in oxygen transport.

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