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Questions and Answers
A patient has an abnormally high count of eosinophils in their blood work. Which condition is MOST likely causing this elevated level?
A patient has an abnormally high count of eosinophils in their blood work. Which condition is MOST likely causing this elevated level?
- Iron deficiency
- Parasitic infection (correct)
- Viral infection
- Bacterial infection
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, contain a nucleus to facilitate oxygen transport.
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, contain a nucleus to facilitate oxygen transport.
False (B)
What is the primary function of hemoglobin within red blood cells?
What is the primary function of hemoglobin within red blood cells?
oxygen transport
A blood sample that is bright red in color indicates that the blood is ______.
A blood sample that is bright red in color indicates that the blood is ______.
Match the following white blood cells with their primary functions:
Match the following white blood cells with their primary functions:
Which of the following is NOT a typical function associated with blood?
Which of the following is NOT a typical function associated with blood?
Individuals with Rh-positive blood possess Rh antibodies in their plasma.
Individuals with Rh-positive blood possess Rh antibodies in their plasma.
What is the approximate lifespan of platelets in the human circulatory system?
What is the approximate lifespan of platelets in the human circulatory system?
The percentage of blood volume composed of formed elements, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is approximately ______%.
The percentage of blood volume composed of formed elements, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is approximately ______%.
After centrifuging a sample of blood, you observe that the buffy coat, containing white blood cells and platelets, is significantly thicker than normal. What does this likely indicate?
After centrifuging a sample of blood, you observe that the buffy coat, containing white blood cells and platelets, is significantly thicker than normal. What does this likely indicate?
Flashcards
What is Blood?
What is Blood?
Liquid connective tissue that transports substances, regulates pH and temperature, and protects against blood loss and disease.
What is Blood Plasma?
What is Blood Plasma?
The liquid extracellular matrix of blood, containing proteins, water, and other solutes.
What are Formed Elements?
What are Formed Elements?
Cellular components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What are Erythrocytes?
What are Erythrocytes?
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What is Hemoglobin?
What is Hemoglobin?
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What are Leukocytes?
What are Leukocytes?
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What are Neutrophils?
What are Neutrophils?
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What are Lymphocytes?
What are Lymphocytes?
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What are Platelets (Thrombocytes)?
What are Platelets (Thrombocytes)?
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What are Blood Types?
What are Blood Types?
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Study Notes
- Blood is liquid connective tissue with cells in a liquid extracellular matrix.
- Key functions include transportation, regulation, and protection.
Blood Characteristics
- More dense and viscous than water.
- Temperature is 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit).
- Has an alkaline pH, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
- Oxygenated blood is bright red, while deoxygenated blood is dark red.
- Volume in males is 5-6 liters, in females is 4-5 liters.
Blood Components
- Blood plasma makes up 55% of blood.
- Formed elements constitute 45% of blood.
Blood Plasma
- Contains 7% proteins, 91.5% water, and 1.5% other solutes.
Formed Elements
- Include platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Are biconcave discs, 7-8 micrometers in diameter.
- Lack a nucleus and other organelles.
- Specialized for oxygen transport.
- Live for approximately 120 days.
- Contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for oxygen and nutrient delivery.
- Count ranges from 4.5 to 5.8 million.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Have nuclei and organelles, but no hemoglobin.
- Normal count ranges from 5,000 to 10,000.
- Classified as either granular or agranular.
Granular Leukocytes
- Types include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils
- Make up 60-70% of WBCs.
- Have 2-5 lobed nuclei.
- Function in phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and fungi.
Eosinophils
- Make up 2-4% of WBCs.
- Have bilobed nuclei.
- Combat parasites and mediate allergic responses.
Basophils
- Make up 0.5-1% of WBCs.
- Have bilobed or trilobed nuclei.
- Mediate inflammatory responses.
Agranular Leukocytes
- Types include lymphocytes and monocytes.
Lymphocytes
- Make up 20-25% of WBCs.
- Have eccentric nuclei.
- Kill viruses and produce antibodies.
Monocytes
- Make up 3-8% of WBCs.
- Have kidney-shaped nuclei.
- Remove dead cells and differentiate into macrophages.
Immune Response and WBCs
- Bacterial infections trigger an increase in neutrophils.
- Viral infections lead to increased lymphocytes and monocytes
- Allergic reactions stimulate eosinophils and basophils.
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Have a lifespan of 5-9 days.
- Promote blood clotting.
- Aged and dead platelets are removed by macrophages in the spleen and liver.
- Normal count ranges from 150,000 to 400,000.
Blood Groups and Types
- Erythrocyte surfaces contain genetically determined antigens (glycoproteins and glycolipids).
- Blood types are based on the presence or absence of these antigens.
Rhesus (Rh) Blood Group
- Rh positive indicates the presence of the Rh antigen on RBCs and the absence of Rh antibodies.
- Rh negative indicates the absence of the Rh antigen on RBCs and the presence of Rh antibodies.
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