Blood Components and Anemia Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the components of blood with their functions:

Erythrocytes = Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Leukocytes = Immune response Platelets = Blood clotting Plasma = Transportation of nutrients and waste

Match the types of anemia with their causes:

Iron-deficiency anemia = Dietary deficiencies of iron Vitamin B12 anemia = Dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 Hemorrhagic anemia = Blood loss from the body Aplastic anemia = Bone marrow failure

Match the types of globulins with their functions:

Alpha & Beta globulins = Transport proteins for lipids Gamma globulins = Antibodies for immune response Fibrinogen = Blood clot formation Albumin = Maintaining oncotic pressure

Match the following blood characteristics with their descriptions:

Hematocrit = Proportion of blood occupied by RBCs Hemoglobin = Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide RBC lifespan = Approximately 120 days Normal RBC count = 5,500,000 cells/mm3 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of polycythemia with their descriptions:

Physiologic polycythemia = Occurs at high altitudes Secondary polycythemia = Response to low oxygen levels Relative polycythemia = Due to dehydration Polycythemia vera = Bone marrow disorder Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their corresponding blood components:

Red Blood Cells = Erythrocytes White Blood Cells = Leukocytes Clotting cells = Platelets Liquid component = Plasma Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to erythropoiesis with their meanings:

Erythropoietin = Stimulates RBC production Kidneys = Produce erythropoietin Red bone marrow = Site of RBC production Hypoxia = Low blood oxygen levels Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hemoglobin characteristics with their values:

Normal hemoglobin level for men = 16 g/dl Normal hemoglobin level for women = 14 g/dl Average RBC count = 5,500,000 cells/mm3 Hematocrit range = 40-45% Signup and view all the answers

Match the functions of blood with their descriptions:

Transportation = Carrying oxygen and nutrients to tissues Regulation = Maintaining proper pH and body temperature Protection = Defending against pathogens Osmosis = Maintaining proper ion concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of blood with their characteristics:

Plasma = Straw-colored liquid that makes up most of blood Serum = Cell-free fluid from clotted blood Red Blood Cells = Carry oxygen to tissues White Blood Cells = Involved in immune response Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood components with their primary characteristics:

Red Blood Cells (RBC) = Carry oxygen throughout the body White Blood Cells (WBC) = Primary component of the immune system Platelets = Involved in the clotting process Plasma = Liquid component of blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of plasma with their main contents:

Water = About 90% of plasma content Electrolytes = Ions such as Na+ and Cl- Plasma Proteins = Include albumin and antibodies Nutrients = Includes glucose and amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Match the following white blood cells with their types:

Neutrophils = Granular leucocytes Lymphocytes = A granular leucocytes Eosinophils = Granular leucocytes Monocytes = A granular leucocytes Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of blood with the appropriate categories:

Transport = Delivers hormones and waste products Regulation = Controls blood pH levels Protection = Involves clotting mechanisms Hemostasis = Prevents excessive blood loss Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood groups with their characteristics:

Type A = Has type A antigen, anti-B antibodies Type B = Has type B antigen, anti-A antibodies AB Group = Has both antigens, no antibodies O Group = Has neither antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects:

Polycythemia vera = High RBC count (8-11 million cells/μl) Splenectomy = Increase in platelet count (Thrombocytosis) Vascular spasm = Initial response to blood vessel damage Hemostasis = Prevents blood loss during damage Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to blood with their definitions:

ABO Blood Group = Classification based on antigens Rh Factor = D another antigen present on red blood cells Coagulant = Substance that promotes blood clotting Phagocytosis = Process by which white blood cells engulf pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood types with their antigen characteristics:

Type A = Has A antigens Type B = Has B antigens Type AB = Has both A and B antigens Type O = Has no A or B antigens Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding blood cell type:

Red Blood Cells = Life span is about 120 days White Blood Cells = Life span from 24 hours to several years Platelets = Half-life is 8-12 days Erythrocytes = Most abundant blood cell type Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of blood cell with its primary function:

Red Blood Cells = Transport oxygen White Blood Cells = Fight infections Platelets = Aid in blood clotting Plasma Cells = Produce antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Agglutinins = Antibodies against absent RBC antigens Hemostasis = Process of preventing blood loss Thrombocytosis = Increase in platelet count Vascular spasm = Contraction of blood vessels to minimize loss Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of leukocytes with their functions:

Neutrophils = Fight bacterial infections Eosinophils = Combat parasites Basophils = Involved in allergic responses Monocytes = Differentiate into macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Match the process titles with their functions:

Oxygen Transport = Carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells Nutrient Delivery = Transports essential nutrients to tissues Waste Removal = Carries metabolic wastes to excretion sites Hormonal Transport = Moves hormones from glands to target cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood components with their place of formation:

Red Blood Cells = Formed in the bone marrow White Blood Cells = Formed in bone marrow and lymph nodes Platelets = Formed in the bone marrow Plasma = Derived from blood serum Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood group with its ability to give and receive blood:

A = Can give to A and AB, can receive from A and O B = Can give to B and AB, can receive from B and O AB = Can give to AB, can receive from AB, A, B, O O = Can give to AB, A, B, O, can receive from O only Signup and view all the answers

Match the Rh blood type with its description:

Rh+ = Possesses Rh antigens on red blood cells Rh- = Does not possess Rh antigens on red blood cells Rh incompatibility = Occurs when an Rh-negative mother is pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus Anti-Rh antibodies = Produced by an Rh-negative mother after exposure to Rh-positive blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood groups with their respective antigens:

A = A antigens B = B antigens AB = A and B antigens O = None Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood group with its universal donor or recipient status:

0 = Universal donor AB = Universal recipient A = Can receive from A and O B = Can receive from B and O Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition:

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) = Condition caused by Rh incompatibility Antigens = Substances that trigger an immune response Antibodies = Proteins that help to neutralize pathogens Sensitization = The process of becoming sensitive to Rh antigens Signup and view all the answers

Match the discovery with its origin:

Rh blood group = First studied in rhesus monkeys ABO blood group = Recognized for blood transfusions Transfusion reaction = Occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed Placental blood transfer = Can expose an Rh-negative mother to Rh-positive blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood group with its corresponding antibodies:

A = Anti-B antibodies B = Anti-A antibodies AB = No antibodies O = Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Match the Rh blood type with its compatibility for transfusion:

Rh+ = Can receive from Rh+ and Rh- Rh- = Can receive only from Rh- Rh+ maternal blood = Can mix with Rh- without issue Rh- maternal blood = Can produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed to Rh+ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of Blood

Transports oxygen, nutrients, metabolic wastes, hormones, enzymes, and processed molecules throughout the body.
Regulates osmosis, pH, and body temperature.
Protects against excessive loss (hemostasis) and disease through white blood cells, phagocytosis, antibodies, and other mechanisms.

Composition of Blood

Plasma:
- Separated from blood by a coagulant and centrifugation.
- Over 90% water.
- Contains clotting proteins.
- Fresh plasma is straw-colored.
Serum:
- Cell-free fluid decanted from clotted blood.
- Lacks clotting proteins.

Composition of Plasma

Water (approximately 90%).
Solutes:
- Nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes and products of cell activity, proteins, and inorganic ions (electrolytes).
Electrolytes (Na+, Cl-, etc.) are the most abundant solutes.

Plasma Proteins

Albumin (60% of plasma proteins):
- Main contributor to osmotic pressure.
- Produced by the liver.
Globulins (36% of plasma proteins):
- Alpha & Beta: produced by the liver, most are transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamins.
- Gamma: antibodies released by plasma cells during an immune response.
Fibrinogen (4% of plasma proteins):
- Produced by the liver.
- Forms fibrin threads of a blood clot.

Formed Elements of Blood

Erythrocytes (red blood cells).
Leukocytes (white blood cells).
Platelets (thrombocytes).

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Erythropoiesis: production of red blood cells.
Erythropoietin: hormone produced by the kidneys in response to low blood oxygen levels, stimulates red blood cell production in red bone marrow.
Lifespan: approximately 120 days.
Average RBC count: 5,500,000 cells/mm3 of blood.
Function:
- Transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
- Help transport carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs.
Hematocrit: proportion of blood occupied by red blood cells (40-45%).
Hemoglobin (iron protein): found in red blood cells, consists of four polypeptide chains.
Normal hemoglobin levels: 16 g/dl for men and 14 g/dl for women.
Function of Hemoglobin: carries oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body cells.
Bilirubin: major breakdown product of hemoglobin.

Anemia

Definition: low number of red blood cells, low hemoglobin, or low hematocrit.
Classification by Cause:
- Dietary deficiencies of iron (iron-deficiency anemia), vitamin B12, or folic acid.
- Bone marrow failure due to toxic drugs or cancer.
- Blood loss from the body (hemorrhage).
- Inadequate secretion of erythropoietin in kidney disease.
- Excessive destruction of erythrocytes (e.g. sickle cell disease).

Polycythemia

Definition: abnormal excess of erythrocytes, increases blood viscosity.
Types:
- Physiological Polycythemia:
  - Occurs in natives living at high altitudes where atmospheric oxygen is low.
  - Blood count is generally 6-7 million/mm3.
- Secondary Polycythemia (Polycythemia Vera):
  - Pathologic condition in bone marrow cancer.
  - Characterized by dizziness and exceptionally high RBC count (8-11 million cells/μl).

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

Largest-sized blood cells.
Lowest numbers in the blood: 4,500 – 11,000 per microliter.
Formed in bone marrow and some in lymph glands.
Primary cells of the immune system.
Fight disease and foreign invaders.
Lifespan ranges from 24 hours to several years.
Types:
- Granular Leukocytes:
  - Neutrophils
  - Eosinophils
  - Basophils
- Agranular Leukocytes:
  - Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, natural killer cells)
  - Monocytes

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Formed in the bone marrow.
Smallest of the blood cells.
Count: 150,000 – 400,000/ mm3.
Functions:
- Involved in the clotting process.
- Seal wounds and prevent blood loss.
- Help repair damaged vessels.
Half-life: 8-12 days.
Storage: 30% stored in the spleen.
Splenectomy: leads to an increase in platelet count (thrombocytosis).

Hemostasis

Definition: prevents blood loss.
Process:
- Vascular spasm: constricts the blood vessel.
- Platelet plug formation: platelets adhere to the damaged area.
- Blood clotting: fibrin threads form a clot to seal the wound.

Blood Grouping

ABO blood groups: based on the presence or absence of two agglutinogens: type A and type B.
Blood types:
- Type A: has type A antigen and anti-B antibodies.
- Type B: has type B antigen and anti-A antibodies.
- Type AB: has both antigens and neither A or B antibodies (universal receivers).
- Type O: has neither antigens, but possesses both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donors).
Agglutinins (Antibodies): antibodies that act against RBCs carrying ABO antigens that are not present on a person's own red blood cells.
Development of Antibodies: antibodies do not normally develop against an antigen unless the body is exposed to that antigen.

Rh Blood Group

Named after the rhesus monkey.
Rh-positive: individuals have certain Rh antigens on the surface of their red blood cells.
Rh-negative: individuals lack these Rh antigens.
Rh antibodies: do not develop unless an Rh-negative person is exposed to Rh-positive red blood cells.
Rh incompatibility: can pose a problem during pregnancy if the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN): can occur if the mother produces anti-Rh antibodies that can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells.

Mechanism of HDN

Exposure of the mother to fetal Rh-positive blood through leakage across the placenta during pregnancy or delivery.
Production of anti-Rh antibodies by the mother.
Antibodies cross the placenta into the fetal blood during later pregnancies, resulting in HDN.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various components of blood and their functions, including different types of anemia and their causes. This quiz will challenge you to match blood characteristics, globulins, and hemoglobin values with their corresponding descriptions and meanings. Ideal for students studying human biology or healthcare-related fields.