Blood Cells: Red and White

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of red blood cells?

  • To carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues (correct)
  • To produce antibodies
  • To regulate blood clotting
  • To fight infections

What is the average lifespan of platelets?

  • Several weeks
  • A few months
  • 120 days
  • 7-10 days (correct)

Which type of white blood cell engulfs and digests foreign particles and bacteria?

  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils (correct)

What is the process of blood cell formation called?

<p>Hematopoiesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cell disorder is characterized by a low red blood cell count or hemoglobin level?

<p>Anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are blood cells produced?

<p>Bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

<p>To bind to oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets in the body?

<p>To form blood clots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is involved in parasitic infections and allergic reactions?

<p>Eosinophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a genetic disorder affecting blood clotting?

<p>Hemophilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells

  • Also known as erythrocytes
  • Function: carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
  • Characteristics:
    • Biconcave disk shape
    • No nucleus
    • Contain hemoglobin (Hb) that binds to oxygen
    • Produced in bone marrow
  • Average lifespan: 120 days
  • Destroyed in spleen and liver

White Blood Cells

  • Also known as leukocytes
  • Function: part of immune system, help fight infections
  • Types:
    1. Neutrophils: engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
    2. Lymphocytes: produce antibodies to fight infections
    3. Monocytes: mature into macrophages that engulf foreign particles
    4. Eosinophils: involved in parasitic infections and allergic reactions
    5. Basophils: involved in allergic reactions
  • Produced in bone marrow and lymphoid organs
  • Average lifespan: varies by type (hours to years)

Platelets

  • Also known as thrombocytes
  • Function: blood clotting, forming plugs to stop bleeding
  • Characteristics:
    • Small, irregularly-shaped
    • No nucleus
    • Contain granules that release clotting factors
    • Produced in bone marrow
  • Average lifespan: 7-10 days

Blood Cell Formation

  • Process: hematopoiesis
  • Occurs in bone marrow
  • Steps:
    1. Stem cells differentiate into progenitor cells
    2. Progenitor cells mature into specific blood cell types
    3. Blood cells released into circulation
  • Regulation: controlled by hormones, growth factors, and cytokines

Blood Cell Disorders

  • Anemia: low red blood cell count or hemoglobin level
  • Leukemia: cancer of white blood cells
  • Thrombocytopenia: low platelet count
  • Hemophilia: genetic disorder affecting blood clotting
  • Sickle cell disease: genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin structure

Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells

  • Carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
  • Characteristics:
    • Biconcave disk shape
    • No nucleus
    • Contain hemoglobin (Hb) that binds to oxygen
    • Produced in bone marrow
  • Average lifespan: 120 days
  • Destroyed in spleen and liver

White Blood Cells

  • Part of immune system, help fight infections
  • Types:
    • Neutrophils: engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
    • Lymphocytes: produce antibodies to fight infections
    • Monocytes: mature into macrophages that engulf foreign particles
    • Eosinophils: involved in parasitic infections and allergic reactions
    • Basophils: involved in allergic reactions
  • Produced in bone marrow and lymphoid organs
  • Average lifespan: varies by type (hours to years)

Platelets

  • Function: blood clotting, forming plugs to stop bleeding
  • Characteristics:
    • Small, irregularly-shaped
    • No nucleus
    • Contain granules that release clotting factors
    • Produced in bone marrow
  • Average lifespan: 7-10 days

Blood Cell Formation

  • Process: hematopoiesis
  • Occurs in bone marrow
  • Steps:
    • Stem cells differentiate into progenitor cells
    • Progenitor cells mature into specific blood cell types
    • Blood cells released into circulation
  • Regulation: controlled by hormones, growth factors, and cytokines

Blood Cell Disorders

  • Anemia: low red blood cell count or hemoglobin level
  • Leukemia: cancer of white blood cells
  • Thrombocytopenia: low platelet count
  • Hemophilia: genetic disorder affecting blood clotting
  • Sickle cell disease: genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin structure

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