38 Questions
Which type of WBCs are involved in inflammatory reactions associated with allergies and asthma?
Eosinophils
What is the function of histamine and heparin released by basophils?
To promote inflammation and prevent clot formation
What is the process by which WBCs remove dead cells and debris from the tissues?
Phagocytosis
What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?
To phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and debris
What is the purpose of the crenellation technique in WBC differential count?
Not mentioned in the text
What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
To play an important role in the body's immune response
What occurs when smooth muscle within the wall of a blood vessel contracts?
Vascular spasm
What is the main function of vascular spasm in response to blood vessel damage?
To close small vessels completely and stop the flow of blood
Which of the following chemicals does NOT contribute to vascular spasm?
Adrenaline
What is the consequence of lacking the normal number of platelets in the blood?
Development of numerous small hemorrhages
What is the term for the accumulation of platelets that seal up a small break in a blood vessel?
Platelet plug formation
What is the outcome of a large amount of blood loss?
Death
What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the human body?
To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the main component of hemoglobin that binds to oxygen?
Heme
What is the approximate percentage of carbon dioxide transported in the form of bicarbonate ions?
70%
What is the function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes?
To catalyze the reaction of CO2 and water to form bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
What is the stimulus for increased red blood cell production?
Low blood oxygen levels
What is the fate of old, abnormal, or damaged erythrocytes?
They are removed from the blood by macrophages of the spleen and liver
What is the role of the kidneys in erythropoiesis?
They produce erythropoietin
What is the term for the breakdown of hemoglobin into amino acids?
Catabolism
What is the characteristic of leukocytes that allows them to leave the blood and travel through tissues?
Ameboid movement
What is the term for the layer of cells that forms between the plasma and erythrocytes when blood components are separated?
Buffy coat
What is the initial trigger that activates the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting?
Damage to a blood vessel
Which of the following is NOT a component of prothrombinase?
Thrombin
What is the primary function of thrombin in the clotting process?
To convert fibrinogen to fibrin
What is the result of the activation of inactive plasminogen by thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator?
Breakdown of fibrin clots
What is the primary function of eosinophils in the immune system?
To attack certain worm parasites
What is the difference between monocytes and macrophages?
Monocytes are found in the blood, while macrophages are found in tissues
What is the primary function of von Willebrand factor in platelet adhesion?
To form a bridge between collagen and platelets by binding to platelet surface receptors and collagen
What is the purpose of the platelet release reaction in blood clotting?
To activate platelets and release chemicals
What is the role of fibrinogen in platelet aggregation?
To form a bridge between platelets
What is the outcome of a transfusion reaction?
All of the above
What is the significance of the Rh blood group system?
It determines the risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn
What is the purpose of a crossmatch in a blood transfusion?
To ensure compatibility between the donor and recipient blood
What is the normal range of hemoglobin in males?
140-180 g/L
What is the primary function of macrophages in hemoglobin breakdown?
To break down hemoglobin into its components
What is the result of an inadequate amount of vitamin K in the blood clotting process?
Impaired clotting factor synthesis
What is the purpose of a complete blood count (CBC)?
To evaluate the different components of blood
This quiz covers the basics of blood cells, including the formation of different types of formed elements from stem cells, and the structure and function of erythrocytes. Learn about the unique features of red blood cells and how they facilitate gas exchange. Test your knowledge of blood cells and their characteristics!
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