Blood cells formation and structure

Which type of WBCs are involved in inflammatory reactions associated with allergies and asthma?

Monocytes
Basophils
Neutrophils
Eosinophils (correct)

What is the function of histamine and heparin released by basophils?

To promote phagocytosis and destroy foreign substances
To regulate the immune system and control tumors
To prevent inflammation and promote clot formation
To promote inflammation and prevent clot formation (correct)

What is the process by which WBCs remove dead cells and debris from the tissues?

Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis (correct)

What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?

To phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and debris (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the crenellation technique in WBC differential count?

Not mentioned in the text (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?

To play an important role in the body's immune response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when smooth muscle within the wall of a blood vessel contracts?

Vascular spasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vascular spasm in response to blood vessel damage?

To close small vessels completely and stop the flow of blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemicals does NOT contribute to vascular spasm?

Adrenaline (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of lacking the normal number of platelets in the blood?

Development of numerous small hemorrhages (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the accumulation of platelets that seal up a small break in a blood vessel?

Platelet plug formation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a large amount of blood loss?

Death (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the human body?

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of hemoglobin that binds to oxygen?

Heme (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of carbon dioxide transported in the form of bicarbonate ions?

70% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes?

To catalyze the reaction of CO2 and water to form bicarbonate and hydrogen ions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the stimulus for increased red blood cell production?

Low blood oxygen levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of old, abnormal, or damaged erythrocytes?

They are removed from the blood by macrophages of the spleen and liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidneys in erythropoiesis?

They produce erythropoietin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the breakdown of hemoglobin into amino acids?

Catabolism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of leukocytes that allows them to leave the blood and travel through tissues?

Ameboid movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of cells that forms between the plasma and erythrocytes when blood components are separated?

Buffy coat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial trigger that activates the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

Damage to a blood vessel (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of prothrombinase?

Thrombin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thrombin in the clotting process?

To convert fibrinogen to fibrin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the activation of inactive plasminogen by thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator?

Breakdown of fibrin clots (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eosinophils in the immune system?

To attack certain worm parasites (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between monocytes and macrophages?

Monocytes are found in the blood, while macrophages are found in tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of von Willebrand factor in platelet adhesion?

To form a bridge between collagen and platelets by binding to platelet surface receptors and collagen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the platelet release reaction in blood clotting?

To activate platelets and release chemicals (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibrinogen in platelet aggregation?

To form a bridge between platelets (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a transfusion reaction?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Rh blood group system?

It determines the risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a crossmatch in a blood transfusion?

To ensure compatibility between the donor and recipient blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of hemoglobin in males?

140-180 g/L (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of macrophages in hemoglobin breakdown?

To break down hemoglobin into its components (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an inadequate amount of vitamin K in the blood clotting process?

Impaired clotting factor synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a complete blood count (CBC)?

To evaluate the different components of blood (B) Signup and view all the answers