Blood Biology Quiz

Blood is composed of blood plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%).

The liquid extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood, containing dissolved substances.

The cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) suspended in blood plasma.

Red blood cells, the most numerous blood cell type, responsible for oxygen transport.

White blood cells, vital for fighting infection and defending against invaders.

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Transportation (oxygen, nutrients, hormones, etc.), regulation (pH, temperature), and protection (against loss, disease).

Albumin (osmotic pressure), globulins (antibodies/transport), and fibrinogen (clotting).

Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells (erythrocytes).

Hematocrit below 40, indicating a lower than normal amount of red blood cells.

Hematocrit above 65, indicating a higher than normal amount of red blood cells.

The process of blood cell formation.

Site of blood cell formation, mainly located in bone epiphysis.

Stem cells that can differentiate into many different types of blood cells.

Stem cells that produce red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells.

Stem cells that give rise to lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).

Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

Hormone that stimulates platelet production.

Hormones that stimulate white blood cell production.

Shape of red blood cells, maximizing surface area for gas exchange.

Without a nucleus.

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Enzyme in red blood cells that converts CO2 to bicarbonate.

The fastest responders to bacterial infections, phagocytizing pathogens and releasing antimicrobial substances.

White blood cells with a multi-lobed nucleus, crucial for fighting infection.

Leukocytes that target parasites and release histaminase to disrupt signals.

Leukocytes that release histamine, heparin, and serotonin in inflammatory and hypersensitivity responses.

Agranular leukocytes derived from lymphoid stem cells, crucial for adaptive immunity and fighting infections.

Agranular leukocytes that mature into macrophages and participate in tissue cleanup.

The process by which white blood cells are attracted to the site of infection by chemical signals.

Fragments of megakaryocytes, crucial for blood clotting.

The process of preventing excessive bleeding (hemorrhage).

The immediate constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood loss.

The process where platelets adhere, activate, and aggregate to form a plug to stem bleeding.

The process of strengthening a platelet plug with insoluble protein fibers forming a clot.

A large cell that fragments to form platelets.

Small sacs in cells that store and release substances.

The body's response to infection or damage, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain.

Blood clotting initiated by damage within blood vessels, leading to platelet activation and factor XII activation.

Blood clotting initiated by an external substance (tissue factor) entering the bloodstream from damaged blood vessel cells.

The final stage of blood clotting, regardless of the initiating pathway, leading to the formation of a blood clot.

Formation of blood clots that block small blood vessels.

A blood clot that travels to another part of the body and blocks blood flow.

The most common blood type classification system, based on glycolipid antigens on red blood cells.

Antibodies that bind to specific antigens, causing clumping of red blood cells.

Clumping of red blood cells due to the binding of antibodies.

A condition where maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells, potentially harming the fetus.

A protein antigen found on red blood cells that can cause complications during pregnancy in certain cases.

A condition where the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells, leading to low oxygen levels.

A genetic disorder causing red blood cells to become misshapen (sickle-shaped), leading to various health issues.

Different forms of a gene; variants of a gene that differ by mutation.

An inherited disorder causing deficiencies in blood clotting factors.

A condition characterized by an excessive number of red blood cells, leading to thickened blood.