Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of hematopoiesis/hemopoiesis?

  • The development of platelets
  • The development and maturation of blood cells (correct)
  • The production of red blood cells
  • The production of white blood cells

    • What connective tissue is blood composed of?

    plasma

    What is another name for red blood cells?

    Erythrocytes

    What is the process of red blood cell development called?

    <p>Erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of white blood cells?

    <p>Protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and foreign substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for white blood cells migrating through capillary and venule walls?

    <p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the production of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granulocytes are the least abundant type of leukocyte.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are types of granulocytes?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most numerous circulating type of leukocyte?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eosinophils?

    <p>Protecting the body by releasing substances capable of neutralizing toxic compounds and increasing during allergic reactions and parasite infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two substances are released by basophils when tissue is damaged?

    <p>Histamine and Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histamine?

    <p>Increases blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agranulocytes arise in the bone marrow from stem cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of monocytes when found in blood vessels?

    <p>Mildly phagocytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do monocytes transform into at sites of inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are included in lymphocytes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity do B cells provide?

    <p>Humoral and antibody immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is active immunity?

    <p>Memory B and T cells are able to recall how it previously responded to an antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phagocytosis?

    <p>The process by which macrophages engulf and destroy microorganisms, cell debris, and foreign antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for platelets?

    <p>Thrombocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the development of platelets?

    <p>Thrombopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid portion of blood where blood cells are suspended?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an antigen?

    <p>A marker on the surface of a cell that identifies the cell as self or non-self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four blood types?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Lymph vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of the lymph system? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Filter and remove unwanted products from lymph nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to fluid in blood capillaries?

    <p>It becomes extracellular fluid that carries needed products to tissue cells while removing their waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bacteria and harmful material in lymph nodes?

    <p>Macrophages phagocytize them, and T and B cells exert their protective influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the spleen?

    <p>It acts as a filter, phagocytic cells within this organ removes cellular debris, bacteria, parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the thymus gland located?

    <p>The mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thymus gland?

    <p>It controls the immune system by transforming lymphocytes to T cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tonsils?

    <p>They act as a filter to protect the upper respiratory structure from invasion by pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for nonspecific defenses?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of nonspecific defenses?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of first-line barriers?

    <p>Keep pathogens from entering the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of second-line barriers?

    <p>Stop the spread of pathogens once they have gained entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are types of specific defenses?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of immunity?

    <p>Resistance to a particular pathogen or to their toxins or metabolic byproducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acquired immune response?

    <p>With each exposure to disease the immune system identifies the invader (antigen) and destroys it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for gland?

    <p>aden/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for clumping, gluing?

    <p>agglutin/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for embryonic cell?

    <p>blast/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the combining forms for blood?

    <p>hem/o, hemat/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for immune, immunity, safe?

    <p>immun/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for lymph gland?

    <p>lymphaden/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for lymph vessel?

    <p>lymphangi/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for shape, form?

    <p>morph/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for bone marrow, spinal cord?

    <p>myel/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for nucleus?

    <p>nucle/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for eating, swallowing?

    <p>phag/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for irregular?

    <p>poikil/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for blood clot?

    <p>thromb/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix -blast mean?

    <p>Embryonic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix -phylaxis mean?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix aniso- mean?

    <p>Unequal, dissimilar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hematology?

    <p>Branch of medicine that studies blood cells, blood clotting mechanisms, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hematologist?

    <p>Physician who specializes in hematology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of allergy and immunology?

    <p>Branch of medicine involving disorders of the immune system, including asthma and anaphylaxis, adverse reaction to drugs, autoimmune diseases, organ transplants, and malignancies of the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are allergists and immunologists?

    <p>Physicians who specialize in allergy and immunology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of anemias?

    <p>Deficiency in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin within red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of anemia? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Paleness (pallor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of allergy?

    <p>Acquired abnormal immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some signs and symptoms of allergy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment for allergies?

    <p>Desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an autoimmune disease?

    <p>Failure of the body to distinguish between &quot;self&quot; and &quot;non-self&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is leukemia?

    <p>Oncological disorder of blood and blood forming organs and is characterized by overgrowth (proliferation) of blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of leukemia?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some treatments for leukemia? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

    <p>Infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that destroys the CD4 (helper T) cells of the immune system to such an extent that the patient falls victim to infections that usually do not affect healthy individuals (opportunistic infections).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a coagulation disorder?

    <p>Any disruption or impairment in the ability to form blood clots or control bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of coagulation disorders?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

    <p>Abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body that cuts off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues resulting in damage to body organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemophilia?

    <p>Congenital hereditary disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII (hemophilia A) or clotting factor IX (hemophilia B), resulting in prolonged bleeding; also called bleeder's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is graft rejection?

    <p>Process in which a recipient's immune system identifies the transplanted graft as &quot;foreign&quot; and attacks or destroys it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is graft-versus-host disease?

    <p>Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemoglobinopathy?

    <p>Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>Acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that primarily affects young adults and children and causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy of the neck or armpits; also called mono and kissing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kaposi sarcoma?

    <p>Cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 that mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may also cause extensive visceral organ involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lymphedema?

    <p>Swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of lymphoma?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders

    • Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis: Development and maturation of blood cells.
    • Blood: Connective tissue composed of plasma and blood cells.
    • Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Live ~120 days, contain hemoglobin; involved in oxygen transport.
    • Erythropoiesis: Development of red blood cells.
    • Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): Protect against bacteria and foreign substances.
    • Diapedesis: White blood cells migrating through capillary walls into tissues.
    • Leukopoiesis: Production of white blood cells.
    • Granulocytes: Most abundant type, contain cytoplasmic granules.
      • Types of Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
      • Neutrophils: Most numerous, phagocytic (engulf bacteria), appear at injury/infection sites.
      • Eosinophils: Protect against toxic compounds, increase during allergies/parasite infections.
      • Basophils: Release histamine (increases blood flow) and heparin (prevents clotting).
    • Agranulocytes: Arise in bone marrow, include monocytes and lymphocytes.
      • Monocytes: Phagocytic in blood vessels, transform into macrophages in inflammation sites.
      • Lymphocytes: Include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.
        • B cells: Humoral/antibody immunity.
        • T cells: Cellular immunity (main defense).
    • Active Immunity: Memory B and T cells recall previous antigen responses.
    • Phagocytosis: Macrophages engulf and destroy microorganisms, debris, and antigens.
    • Thrombocytes (Platelets): Cell fragments, initiate blood clotting.
    • Thrombopoiesis: Development of platelets.
    • Plasma: Liquid portion of blood.
    • Antigen: Cell surface marker identifying "self" or "non-self."
    • Antibody: Protein produced by B cells in response to antigens.
    • Blood Types: A, B, AB, O.
    • Lymph Vessel: Part of the lymphatic system, transports lymph.
    • Lymph System Function: Maintains fluid balance (draining tissues), transports lipids, and filters lymph.
    • Blood Capillaries: Fluid becomes extracellular fluid, carrying nutrients and removing wastes.
    • Lymph Capillaries: Collects fluid from tissues, returns it to bloodstream.
    • Lymph Nodes: Macrophages phagocytose pathogens, and T/B cells protect.
    • Spleen: Filters blood, removes debris, bacteria, and parasites.
    • Thymus Gland: Located in the mediastinum, transforms lymphocytes into T cells.
    • Tonsils: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx, protecting the upper respiratory system.
    • Nonspecific Defenses (Innate Immunity): General defenses against pathogens.
      • First-Line Barriers: Skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, gastric secretions.
      • Second-Line Barriers: Phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, inflammation.
    • Specific Defenses (Adaptive Immunity): Acquired immune responses.
    • Immunity: Resistance to pathogens, toxins, or metabolic products.
    • Acquired Immune Response: The immune system recognizes and destroys invaders with each exposure.
    • Medical Terminology Prefixes/Suffixes: (List of prefixes/suffixes related to the above system, organized for easier use in studying).
    • Conditions and Diseases:
      • Anemias: Deficiencies in red blood cells or hemoglobin. (Symptoms & Treatment)
      • Allergies: Acquired abnormal immune responses. (Symptoms & Treatment)
      • Autoimmune Diseases: "Self" mistaken as "non-self."
      • Leukemia: Overgrowth of blood cells. (Types, Treatment)
      • AIDS: HIV infection severely damaging the immune system.
      • Coagulation Disorders: Problems with blood clotting (DIC, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia).
      • Graft Rejection: Immune system attacking the transplanted graft.
      • Graft vs. Host Disease: Graft cells attacking recipient's tissues.
      • Hemoglobinopathy: Abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule.
      • Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr virus infection.
      • Kaposi Sarcoma: Cancer affecting skin and mucous membranes.
      • Lymphedema: Lymph fluid buildup in tissues.
      • Lymphomas: Cancers of lymphocytes. (Types).

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental components and disorders of the blood and lymphatic systems. It covers topics such as hematopoiesis, types of blood cells, and their functions in maintaining health. Test your knowledge on blood disorders and the immune response.

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