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Questions and Answers
What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere by percentage?
What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere by percentage?
What is the term for the release of infrared light by a substance at a warmer temperature than its surroundings?
What is the term for the release of infrared light by a substance at a warmer temperature than its surroundings?
What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, where all weather occurs?
What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, where all weather occurs?
What is the term for the percentage of light reflected by a surface?
What is the term for the percentage of light reflected by a surface?
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What is the process of heat transfer most effective in?
What is the process of heat transfer most effective in?
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What is the layer of the atmosphere that filters out ultraviolet radiation?
What is the layer of the atmosphere that filters out ultraviolet radiation?
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What is the primary energy input that keeps the biosphere at temperatures conducive to life?
What is the primary energy input that keeps the biosphere at temperatures conducive to life?
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What is the term for the transfer of kinetic energy between particles?
What is the term for the transfer of kinetic energy between particles?
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What is the layer of the atmosphere where meteors burn up?
What is the layer of the atmosphere where meteors burn up?
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What is the process of heat transfer involving the movement of fluids?
What is the process of heat transfer involving the movement of fluids?
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Study Notes
Heat Transfer on a Global Scale
- Heat energy is transferred from the equatorial to the polar regions by convection in the Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere.
Convection
- Convection is the transfer of heated material from one location to another, where cooler, dense material sinks relative to warmer, less dense material.
- Convection is most effective in fluids, such as liquids and gases.
Large Scale Convection
- Large-scale convection cells combine with the Earth's rotation to result in prevailing wind patterns.
- Warm, moist air at the Equator rises, releasing its moisture, and producing rainforest climates.
- Moisture-depleted air sinks down at about 30°N and 30°S, producing desert climates.
Jet Streams
- Jet streams are very fast, high-altitude winds that are threaded between the convection cells.
- The strongest jet stream is the polar jet stream, located between the polar cell and the mid-latitudes Ferrel cell.
Global Water Currents
- Global water currents are complicated by the positions of the landmasses.
- They play a crucial role in moving heat around the globe.
Cause of Air and Water Movement
- The uneven heating of the Earth's surface causes air and water to move.
- Air and water currents move differently due to the differences in their densities and properties.
Heat Transfer
- Heat can move through radiation, conduction, and convection.
- Radiation is the release of infrared light by a substance at a warmer temperature than its surroundings.
- Conduction is the transfer of kinetic energy between particles, most effective in solid materials.
Heat Sink
- A heat sink is an important concept to consider when discussing climate change.
- The increased global temperature is having a significant impact on the ocean and storms.
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