Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the diagnostic criterion for Bipolar 1?
What is the diagnostic criterion for Bipolar 1?
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar 2?
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar 2?
What is a manic episode?
What is a manic episode?
A period of at least 1 week of elevated, expansive or irritable mood with significant goal-directed activity.
What characterizes a hypomanic episode?
What characterizes a hypomanic episode?
Signup and view all the answers
What does rapid cycling refer to in bipolar disorder?
What does rapid cycling refer to in bipolar disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder?
What are some genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What nursing assessments are important for manic symptoms?
What nursing assessments are important for manic symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a manic episode?
What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a manic episode?
Signup and view all the answers
What does lithium do in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
What does lithium do in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ECT stand for in the context of bipolar disorder treatment?
What does ECT stand for in the context of bipolar disorder treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What are warning signs of a prodrome in the first manic episode?
What are warning signs of a prodrome in the first manic episode?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of Group Psychoeducation?
What is the focus of Group Psychoeducation?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bipolar Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- Bipolar 1: Requires one lifetime manic episode; major depressive episode not necessary.
- Bipolar 2: Involves one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode; no manic episodes occur.
Manic and Hypomanic Episodes
- Manic Episode: Lasts at least one week; marked by elevated or irritable mood and significant goal-directed activity. Symptoms must impair functioning and include inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep, racing thoughts, and risky behaviors.
- Hypomanic Episode: Lasts at least four days; similar symptoms to mania but does not severely impair functioning and lacks psychotic features.
Rapid Cycling and Atypical Features
- Rapid Cycling: Characterized by four or more episodes within 12 months; women are at higher risk, particularly related to menstrual cycles.
- Atypical Features: Include mood reactivity, weight changes, hypersomnia, and heightened sensitivity to interpersonal rejection.
Age of Onset and Genetic Factors
- Average onset of bipolar symptoms occurs during late adolescence to young adulthood.
- Genetic predisposition is significant; identical twins have a 70% risk, while children of affected parents face risks ranging from 15-75%.
Nursing Assessment and Management
- Assess for manic symptoms: sleep deprivation, irritability, weight loss, risky behaviors, and substance use.
- Mental status evaluations show flamboyant appearance, pressured or incomprehensible speech, and grandiose, paranoid, or psychotic thoughts.
Nursing Responsibilities
- Monitor mental status and promote healthy sleep and activity patterns.
- Identify stressors early to minimize functional impairments; address safety concerns, especially regarding risk-taking behaviors and potential suicide.
Communication Strategies
- Use a calm, firm approach with concise explanations; avoid engaging in power struggles or humor.
- Establish clear limits and redirect excessive energy.
Nursing Interventions During Acute Mania
- Reduce environmental stimuli, provide structured activities, and keep verbal interactions brief.
- Implement safety measures and monitor for medication side effects; increase fluid intake and ensure adequate rest.
Pharmacologic Treatments
- First line treatment: Lithium is primary for managing bipolar disorder.
- For acute mania, use antipsychotics (e.g., Haldol, Olanzapine), mood stabilizers (Divalproex), and long-acting benzodiazepines for sleep.
Group and Individual Therapies
- STEP-BD (Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program) includes pharmacotherapy and therapies such as interpersonal psychotherapy, social rhythm therapy, family therapy, and CBT.
- Group psychoeducation promotes mutual support and recovery skills among patients.
Sleep Hygiene Practices
- Encourage a regular sleep schedule, balanced diet, limited caffeine and alcohol intake, exercise, and relaxation techniques to promote better sleep.
Treatment of Psychotic Depression and ECT
- Treatments involve both antidepressants and antipsychotics, or ECT for severe cases; effects usually noticed within a week, with multiple sessions required.
Nursing Interventions for ECT
- Prior to ECT, complete necessary lab tests, ensure safety by removing loose objects, and prepare for sedation.
- Post-ECT care includes monitoring vital signs, ensuring the airway is maintained, and providing reassurance.
Postpartum Psychosis
- Can manifest within three weeks after delivery; characterized by severe mood disturbances, delusions regarding the baby, and potential harmful ideation.
Nursing Care for Postpartum Psychosis
- Prioritize safety for mother and child; assess for suicidal or homicidal thoughts, administer medications, and educate the family on the illness while fostering a non-judgmental environment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar Disorder, including Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2. It delves into manic and hypomanic episodes, rapid cycling, and atypical features. Test your understanding of the key concepts and symptoms associated with these conditions.
