8 Questions
Match the following with their role in biotransformation:
Phase I of xenobiotic metabolism = Introduces a polar group into the molecule Phase II of xenobiotic metabolism = Conjugates the xenobiotic to make it more water-soluble Hydrophilic metabolites = Reduced ability to cross membranes Lipophilic xenobiotics = Can penetrate lipid membranes
Match the following with their impact on toxicant elimination:
Biotransformation = Changes substances from hydrophobic to hydrophilic Introduction of a polar group in phase I = Increases water solubility of xenobiotics Reduced reabsorption by cells in elimination organs = Associated with altered toxicant distribution to tissues Lipoproteins in body fluids = Transport lipophilic xenobiotics
Match the following with their characteristics in biotransformation:
Chemically distinct metabolites = Result from biotransformation Increased hydrophilicity after biotransformation = Reduces membrane crossing ability Nonspecific enzymes in xenobiotic metabolism = Carry out the metabolism in two phases Introducing a polar group in phase I = Makes xenobiotics suitable for phase II reactions
Match the following tissues with their capacity for biotransformation:
Skin = Low capacity Intestines = Medium capacity Liver = Highest capacity Lungs = Medium capacity
Match the following enzymes with their association in biotransformation reactions:
Microsomal enzymes = Associated with phase I reactions Cytosolic enzymes = Associated with phase II reactions Cytochrome P-450 = Catalyzes phase I reactions Glucuronidation = Process in phase II reactions
Match the following terms with their corresponding description:
Activation mechanism = Intermediates or final products are more toxic than the parent compound Detoxication mechanism = Generally a detoxication process but can lead to more toxic products in some cases Conjugation product = Water-soluble product of phase II reactions Conjugation reactions = Phase II reactions that produce a more water-soluble metabolite
Match the following factors with their influence on biotransformation effectiveness:
Age, gender, nutrition, disease, time of day = Factors affecting biotransformation effectiveness Nutritional status = Affects biotransformation as seen in nonhuman studies Hepatitis = Reduces hepatic biotransformation capacity Liver impairment = Poses serious health consequences due to reduced biotransformation capacity
Match the following processes with their description in biotransformation reactions:
Oxidation = Toxicant loses electrons in phase I reactions Reduction = Toxicant gains electrons in phase I reactions Hydrolysis = Process that cleaves toxicant into simpler molecules in phase I reactions Glucuronidation = Addition of glucuronide to toxicant or phase I metabolite in phase II reactions
Explore the process of biotransformation, where substances entering the body are changed into hydrophilic molecules for elimination. Learn about the four changes that occur during biotransformation to facilitate the elimination of toxicants.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
