Bioterrorism and Infection Control Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a high-priority bioterrorism agent identified by the CDC?

  • Ebola (correct)
  • Plague
  • Anthrax
  • Smallpox

Anthrax spores can live in soil for many years.

True (A)

What is one method of preparation against bioterrorism?

Community Surveillance

The virus that causes smallpox is known as the _______ Virus.

<p>Variola</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bioterrorism agents with their characteristics:

<p>Smallpox = Caused by Variola Virus Plague = Spread by infected fleas Hemorrhagic fever = Easily transmitted person to person Anthrax = Spores can live in soil for years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a body fluid that requires standard precautions?

<p>Saliva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All patients are considered a potential source of infection.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a bloodborne pathogen mentioned?

<p>Flu Virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done immediately after removing gloves?

<p>Hands must be washed immediately after removal of gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Standard precautions were developed by the _____ to help prevent the spread of infection.

<p>CDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Needlestick Safety Act was passed in 2010.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must employers provide to employees with occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens?

<p>Hepatitis B vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following items with their corresponding guidelines of standard precautions:

<p>Handwashing = Before and after patient contact Gloves = For possible contact with bodily fluids Gowns = For procedures that cause splashing Sharps injury log = To maintain records of injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signs indicating exposure to biohazardous materials must be posted at the ______.

<p>entrance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following items with their related protocols:

<p>Written exposure control plan = Develop a plan Hepatitis B vaccine = Provided at no charge PPE = Personal protective equipment Biohazard symbol = Label contaminated items</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with used needles?

<p>Place them in sharps containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protective eyewear is not necessary when performing procedures that cause splashing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of label must sharps containers have?

<p>red biohazard label</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hands must be washed immediately after _______.

<p>gown removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the correct safety procedure:

<p>Used needles = Place in sharps containers Masks = Change every 30 minutes Gloves = Wear when cleaning spills Protective eyewear = Wear during splash procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using resuscitation devices?

<p>To avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bleach solutions are used for sterilizing instruments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken immediately if a needlestick injury occurs?

<p>Report the injury immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The autoclave sterilizes equipment using _ under pressure.

<p>steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following items with their appropriate usage:

<p>Biohazard Bags = Use for hazardous waste disposal 10-percent Bleach Solution = Use for disinfecting surfaces Absorbent Powder = Use for large spills Gloves = Wear for safety during disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum alcohol content required in an alcohol-based hand cleaner?

<p>60 - 90 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antiseptic hand washing is necessary only when hands are visibly dirty.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microorganism is harmful and can cause infection and disease?

<p>Pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one essential moment for hand hygiene.

<p>Before touching a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nonpathogens are microorganisms that are harmful to the body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wash your hands after touching a patient's __________.

<p>surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four essential conditions required for microorganisms to reproduce?

<p>Warm environment, darkness, moisture, source of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ require a host to live and gain nutrients at the host's expense.

<p>Parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of handwashing with its appropriate situation:

<p>Regular hand washing = Routine cleaning when hands are visibly dirty Antiseptic hand washing = Recommended before invasive procedures Alcohol-based hand cleaners = Used when hands are NOT visibly soiled Hand hygiene moments = 5 essential situations to wash hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of microorganism with its description:

<p>Nonpathogens = Helpful microorganisms part of normal flora Pathogens = Microorganisms causing infection Parasites = Require a host for nutrients Aerobic = Microorganisms requiring oxygen to live</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for using warm water while hand washing?

<p>It aids in creating a good lather without damaging the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fingertips should be pointed upwards while washing hands.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should the friction take while washing hands?

<p>20 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

To prevent contamination, dry paper towels should be used to turn the faucets _____ and _____ after washing hands.

<p>on, off</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hand washing techniques to their purpose:

<p>Using friction = Helps rub off pathogens Cleanse nails = Removes hidden germs Pointing fingertips down = Ensures proper rinsing Using warm water = Creates a good lather without damaging skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms are parasitic and require a host to survive?

<p>Rickettsiae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antibiotics are effective in treating infections caused by fungi.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one common form of fungi that is pathogenic to humans.

<p>Ringworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anaerobic organisms thrive in environments without ______.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microorganisms with their characteristics:

<p>Bacteria = Simple, one-celled organisms that multiply rapidly Protozoa = One-celled animal-like organisms found in decayed materials Fungi = Plant-like organisms living on dead organic matter Rickettsiae = Parasitic microorganisms requiring a host</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can help viruses become more difficult to eliminate?

<p>Mutation of genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses can reproduce on their own without being inside a living cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three viral diseases that are a major concern for healthcare workers.

<p>Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Helminths are transmitted to humans primarily through ingestion of ______ foods.

<p>contaminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their examples:

<p>Common cold = Virus Measles = Virus Chicken pox = Virus Warts = Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bioterrorism Definition

Using microorganisms to harm humans, plants, or animals as a weapon.

High-Priority Bioterrorism Agents

Smallpox, anthrax, plague, botulism, tularemia, and hemorrhagic fever.

Anthrax Transmission

Spread through contact with infected body fluids/materials.

Bioterrorism Threat Impact

Widespread disease, social disorder, and disruption of healthcare systems.

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Microorganism Bioterrorism Danger

Inexpensive, easily produced, and spread, with limited prevention/treatment options.

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Bloodborne Pathogens

Pathogens that are transmitted through blood and body fluids.

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HBV, HCV, HIV

Examples of major bloodborne pathogens.

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Exposure Control Plan

Written plan to prevent employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

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Needlestick Safety Act

2000 law requiring safer medical devices to prevent needle sticks.

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OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

Revised guidelines to meet the Needlestick Safety Act's requirements.

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Standard Precautions

A set of infection control practices used in healthcare to prevent the spread of germs. It assumes that all body fluids are potentially infectious, and all patients are considered a potential source of infection.

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Handwashing

Washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after contact with patients, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces.

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Gloves

Wearing gloves when handling blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, tissue specimens, or non-intact skin. Also used when handling contaminated items or surfaces, performing invasive procedures, and performing venipuncture or blood tests.

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Gowns

Wearing a gown for procedures that may cause splashing or spraying of bodily fluids.

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Sharps Injury Log

A record of all needle stick or sharps injuries that occur in a healthcare setting.

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Gown Contamination

Contaminated gowns must be handled according to established procedures.

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Mask and Eye Protection

Masks and eye protection are crucial for procedures that create splashes or sprays to prevent exposure to pathogens in the mouth, nose, and eyes.

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Safe Needle Practices

Never recap used needles. Instead, dispose of them directly into sharps containers.

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Sharps Container Requirements

Sharps containers must be labeled with a red biohazard symbol, be leakproof, and puncture-resistant.

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Spill Cleanup Procedure

Always wear gloves and use disposable cleaning cloths to clean up spills.

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Disinfectant Use

A disinfectant such as a 10-percent bleach solution is used to clean contaminated surfaces.

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Resuscitation Devices: Purpose

Resuscitation devices are used to avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

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Biohazard Bags: Use

Biohazard bags are used appropriately for safe disposal of contaminated waste and linen.

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Autoclave Sterilization

An autoclave uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment, effectively killing all microorganisms.

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Chemical Disinfection

Chemicals disinfect but do not sterilize, they are used to clean instruments that do not penetrate body tissue.

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Microorganisms

Tiny living things too small to see without a microscope, found everywhere. They can be helpful or harmful.

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Nonpathogens

Helpful microorganisms that are part of the body's normal flora and help maintain certain body processes.

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Pathogens

Harmful microorganisms, also known as germs, that cause infection and disease.

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Parasites

Organisms that live on or in another species, gaining nutrients at the host's expense.

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What four things do microorganisms need to reproduce?

Microorganisms need a warm environment, darkness, moisture, and a source of food to reproduce.

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Aseptic Technique

Practices used to prevent infection and contamination, especially during healthcare procedures.

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Handwashing Frequency

Washing hands frequently is essential for preventing infection. You should wash your hands before touching a patient, before procedures, after touching a patient or their surroundings, and after exposure to body fluids.

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Antiseptic Handwashing

Using antimicrobial soap and water or alcohol-based cleaners to kill germs on your hands. This is especially important before invasive procedures and when caring for patients with specific precautions.

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Alcohol-based Hand Cleaner

A liquid cleaner containing at least 60-90% alcohol that is effective in killing germs when your hands are not visibly soiled.

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5 Essential Moments for Hand Hygiene

The 5 essential moments for hand hygiene are: Before touching a patient, before a clean or aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure or risk of exposure, after touching a patient, and after touching a patient's surroundings.

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Soap's Role in Handwashing

Soap helps remove germs from your hands by breaking down their outer layer, making them easier to wash away.

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Importance of Warm Water in Handwashing

Warm water helps create a good lather with soap and allows it to penetrate better, leading to effective germ removal. Too hot or too cold water can damage your skin.

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Why Friction is Key in Handwashing

Rubbing your hands together with soap and water creates friction, which helps loosen and remove germs from your skin.

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Why Point Fingertips Downward?

Pointing your fingertips downward helps ensure that soap and water reach underneath your nails, where germs can hide.

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Importance of Drying Hands Properly

Using dry paper towels to turn off faucets after handwashing prevents contaminating your clean hands with germs from the faucet.

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Viruses: Tiny Troublemakers

Viruses are the smallest microorganisms, only visible with an electron microscope. They can't reproduce on their own and need to hijack living cells to multiply.

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Virus Spread: The Chain Reaction

Viruses can spread from person to person through contact with infected blood, secretions, or other bodily fluids.

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Viruses: Masters of Disguise

Viruses can mutate, changing their genetic makeup. This makes them harder to fight because they may become resistant to disinfectants and antibiotics.

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Helminths: Worms in the Body

Helminths are multicellular parasites, commonly called worms. They can infect humans through contaminated food, meat, or insect bites.

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Worms: Skin Penetration

Some types of worms can penetrate the skin and enter the body.

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Anaerobic Organisms

Living things that thrive without oxygen. They can't survive in environments with oxygen.

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Bacteria: Shape & Arrangement

Bacteria are classified by their shape (e.g., round, rod-shaped, spiral) and how they group together (e.g., in pairs, chains, clusters).

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Protozoa: Where They Live

Protozoa, single-celled creatures, are commonly found in decaying matter, animal/bird feces, insect bites, and contaminated water. They are parasites.

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Fungi: What They Do

Fungi are simple plant-like organisms that break down dead stuff. Yeasts and molds are common examples. Fungi can cause human illnesses, and antibiotics don't work on them.

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Rickettsiae: Parasite Hosts

Rickettsiae are parasitic microorganisms that need a host. They live inside cells of other organisms, like fleas, ticks, and mites. They are spread to humans by bites.

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