Public Health Bioterrorism and Biological Warfare Agents

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What is the role of B-lymphocytes in fighting bacteria and viruses?

Engulfing and digesting antigens

Making Y-shaped proteins called antibodies (correct)

Producing signal molecules that activate macrophages

Killing virally infected cells

Which cells are best known for killing virally infected cells and controlling early signs of cancer?

Macrophages

T-lymphocytes

Natural Killer Cells (correct)

Complement System

What is the causative agent of botulism?

B.anthracis

C.botulinum (correct)

Staphylococcus aureus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What is the primary function of the Complement System?

Binding to surfaces of microorganisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen causes plague?

Y.pestis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lactoferrin and Transferrin in the immune system?

Binding iron required by pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'iatrogenic' mean in the context of infections?

Physician-induced infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plague involves swollen and inflamed lymph nodes (buboes)?

Bubonic plague (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Interferons in the immune response?

Inhibiting viral replication (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules play a role in antigen presentation and rejection of foreign tissue transplants?

MHC Molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is a common cause of iatrogenic infections?

Staphylococcus aureus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen produces a neurotoxin that can be fatal?

C.botulinum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death associated with healthcare-associated infections?

Lower respiratory tract infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should soiled textiles be handled according to the text?

Handled in a safe manner (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection represents about 14% of healthcare-associated infections?

Bloodstream infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Clostridium difficile infections?

C.difficile-associated diseases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of Pseudomembranous colitis?

Sloughing off of colon lining sections (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which activity must employees comply with to ensure environmental control in hospitals?

Proper care and routine disinfection procedures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a disease that comes on more suddenly than a chronic disease, but less suddenly than an acute disease?

Subacute disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to evidence of a disease that is experienced by the patient and is subjective in nature?

Symptom (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogens must live within host cells in order to survive and multiply?

Obligate intracellular pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do adhesins (ligands) do as virulence factors for pathogens?

Enable pathogens to recognize and bind to host cell receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are flagella considered virulence factors for bacteria?

They allow bacteria to invade aqueous areas of the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when a disease is described as asymptomatic?

The patient is not experiencing any symptoms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vasodilation in the inflammation process?

To increase blood flow to the site of injury (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of increased capillary permeability during inflammation?

To allow leukocytes to escape from capillaries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of emigration of leukocytes in the inflammation process?

To accumulate at the site of injury to combat pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers an inflammatory response according to the text?

Physical, chemical, or biological agents (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the inflammation response process?

Phagocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

In inflammation, what is the function of chemotaxis?

To guide neutrophils and macrophages to the site of injury (C) Signup and view all the answers