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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of bioterrorism?
What is the definition of bioterrorism?
- The unintentional spread of biological toxins that result in high morbidity and mortality
- The premeditated threat or actual use of biological weapons to produce disease or death in people, animals, or plants (correct)
- The use of microbes or their toxins for medical purposes
- The accidental release of biological agents that cause disease or death
What are the key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons?
What are the key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons?
- Low morbidity and mortality, high infective dose, and lack of potential to be weaponized
- Low morbidity and mortality, high infective dose, and rapid diagnostic capability
- High morbidity and mortality, low infective dose, and lack of rapid diagnostic capability
- High morbidity and mortality, low infective dose, and rapid diagnostic capability (correct)
What types of biological agents are used as bioweapons?
What types of biological agents are used as bioweapons?
- Bacteria and viruses only
- Bacteria, viruses, and biological toxins (correct)
- Viruses and toxins only
- Biological toxins only
How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify potential biologic threats?
How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify potential biologic threats?
What are the characteristics of Category A biological agents according to the CDC classification?
What are the characteristics of Category A biological agents according to the CDC classification?
What is the primary goal of a bioterrorist act?
What is the primary goal of a bioterrorist act?
Why are biological agents likely to be used by terrorists as weapons?
Why are biological agents likely to be used by terrorists as weapons?
What are the routes of entry into the human body for biological agents mentioned in the text?
What are the routes of entry into the human body for biological agents mentioned in the text?
Which form of anthrax infection is considered to be the most deadly?
Which form of anthrax infection is considered to be the most deadly?
What are the pathological effects of anthrax related to?
What are the pathological effects of anthrax related to?
Which agent is categorized as Category B for biological agents?
Which agent is categorized as Category B for biological agents?
Why are aerosols an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents?
Why are aerosols an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents?
In which form does cutaneous anthrax usually present?
In which form does cutaneous anthrax usually present?
What is the most common route of infection for humans with anthrax?
What is the most common route of infection for humans with anthrax?
What type of colonies does Bacillus anthracis form when cultured?
What type of colonies does Bacillus anthracis form when cultured?
What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax?
What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax?
What is the primary intent of a bioterrorism act?
What is the primary intent of a bioterrorism act?
What are the key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?
What are the key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?
According to the CDC classification, which category of biological agents might cause public panic and social disruption?
According to the CDC classification, which category of biological agents might cause public panic and social disruption?
What are the characteristics of Category A biological agents according to the CDC classification?
What are the characteristics of Category A biological agents according to the CDC classification?
What types of biological agents does the CDC classify as potential biologic threats?
What types of biological agents does the CDC classify as potential biologic threats?
What are the key characteristics of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?
What are the key characteristics of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?
Why are biological agents likely to be used by terrorists as weapons?
Why are biological agents likely to be used by terrorists as weapons?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Category B biological agents according to CDC classification?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Category B biological agents according to CDC classification?
What is the most common form of anthrax infection?
What is the most common form of anthrax infection?
Why are aerosols considered an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents?
Why are aerosols considered an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents?
What is the primary route of entry into the human body for biological agents mentioned in the text?
What is the primary route of entry into the human body for biological agents mentioned in the text?
What is the characteristic presentation of pulmonary anthrax?
What is the characteristic presentation of pulmonary anthrax?
What is the most significant reason for the potential use of biological agents as weapons by terrorists?
What is the most significant reason for the potential use of biological agents as weapons by terrorists?
Which form of anthrax infection is considered to be the most deadly?
Which form of anthrax infection is considered to be the most deadly?
What are the key characteristics of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?
What are the key characteristics of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?
What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax?
What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax?
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Study Notes
Definition and Features of Bioterrorism
- Bioterrorism is the use of biological agents as weapons to intentionally cause harm or threaten harm to humans, animals, or plants.
- Key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons include high propagation potential, ease of production, and high mortality rate.
Types of Biological Agents
- Biological agents used as bioweapons include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and toxins.
- Examples of biological agents include anthrax, smallpox, and plague.
CDC Classification of Biological Agents
- The CDC classifies biological agents into three categories: A, B, and C.
- Category A biological agents are considered to be the highest risk and have the potential to cause widespread illness and death.
- Category A biological agents include anthrax, smallpox, and plague.
Characteristics of Category A Biological Agents
- Category A biological agents are highly infectious, have high mortality rates, and are easily transmitted from person to person.
- These agents can cause widespread panic and social disruption.
Primary Goal of Bioterrorism
- The primary goal of a bioterrorist act is to create fear, panic, and disruption of society.
Why Biological Agents are Used by Terrorists
- Biological agents are likely to be used by terrorists because they are easy to produce, transport, and disseminate, and can cause widespread illness and death.
Routes of Entry for Biological Agents
- Biological agents can enter the human body through the skin, respiratory, or gastrointestinal systems.
Characteristics of Anthrax
- The most deadly form of anthrax infection is inhalation anthrax.
- Cutaneous anthrax usually presents as a skin lesion.
- The most common route of infection for humans with anthrax is through the skin.
- Bacillus anthracis forms grey-white colonies when cultured.
- The specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax is tissue or fluid samples.
Primary Intent of Bioterrorism
- The primary intent of a bioterrorism act is to create fear, panic, and disruption of society.
Characteristics of Category B Biological Agents
- Category B biological agents are moderately easy to disseminate and have moderate mortality rates.
Efficiency of Aerosols
- Aerosols are an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents because they can be easily disseminated and inhaled.
Pathological Effects of Anthrax
- The pathological effects of anthrax are related to the production of toxins that cause cell death and tissue damage.
Most Common Form of Anthrax Infection
- The most common form of anthrax infection is cutaneous anthrax.
Presentation of Pulmonary Anthrax
- The characteristic presentation of pulmonary anthrax is a severe flu-like illness with rapid progression to respiratory failure.
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