Bioterrorism Definition and Key Features
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of bioterrorism?

  • The unintentional spread of biological toxins that result in high morbidity and mortality
  • The premeditated threat or actual use of biological weapons to produce disease or death in people, animals, or plants (correct)
  • The use of microbes or their toxins for medical purposes
  • The accidental release of biological agents that cause disease or death

    • What are the key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons?

  • Low morbidity and mortality, high infective dose, and lack of potential to be weaponized
  • Low morbidity and mortality, high infective dose, and rapid diagnostic capability
  • High morbidity and mortality, low infective dose, and lack of rapid diagnostic capability
  • High morbidity and mortality, low infective dose, and rapid diagnostic capability (correct)

    • What types of biological agents are used as bioweapons?

  • Bacteria and viruses only
  • Bacteria, viruses, and biological toxins (correct)
  • Viruses and toxins only
  • Biological toxins only

    • How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify potential biologic threats?

    <p>Classifies potential threats into categories A, B, C based on their ability to be weaponized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Category A biological agents according to the CDC classification?

    <p>High morbidity and mortality rates, person-to-person spread, and public panic-causing potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a bioterrorist act?

    <p>To create fear and intimidate governments or societies for achievement of political, religious, or ideological goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are biological agents likely to be used by terrorists as weapons?

    <p>They are capable of damaging populations, economies, and food supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the routes of entry into the human body for biological agents mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ingestion, dermal penetration, inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of anthrax infection is considered to be the most deadly?

    <p>Pulmonary anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the pathological effects of anthrax related to?

    <p>Toxins produced - Lethal toxin, Oedema toxin &amp; Protective antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is categorized as Category B for biological agents?

    <p>Q fever (caused by Coxiella burnetii)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are aerosols an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents?

    <p>They can bypass the body's defense mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which form does cutaneous anthrax usually present?

    <p>Black necrotic lesion with a definite edematous margin on hands, arms, face or neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common route of infection for humans with anthrax?

    <p>Contact with infected animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of colonies does Bacillus anthracis form when cultured?

    <p>Non-hemolytic, large, dense, grey-white irregular colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax?

    <p>Blood or sputum sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intent of a bioterrorism act?

    <p>To cause fear and intimidate governments or societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?

    <p>High morbidity and mortality, low infective dose, lack of rapid diagnostic capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the CDC classification, which category of biological agents might cause public panic and social disruption?

    <p>Category A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Category A biological agents according to the CDC classification?

    <p>Easily disseminated, high morbidity and mortality, potential for person-to-person spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of biological agents does the CDC classify as potential biologic threats?

    <p>Bacteria, viruses, biological toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key characteristics of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?

    <p>High morbidity and mortality, potential for person-to-person spread, lack of rapid diagnostic capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are biological agents likely to be used by terrorists as weapons?

    <p>They cause fear, panic, and social disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Category B biological agents according to CDC classification?

    <p>Moderately easy to disseminate with moderate morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of anthrax infection?

    <p>Cutaneous anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are aerosols considered an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents?

    <p>They can reach a large number of people through inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of entry into the human body for biological agents mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic presentation of pulmonary anthrax?

    <p>Chest pain, fever, cough with hemorrhagic mediastinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant reason for the potential use of biological agents as weapons by terrorists?

    <p>Ability to create fear, panic, and social disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of anthrax infection is considered to be the most deadly?

    <p>Pulmonary anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key characteristics of biologic agents used as bioweapons according to the text?

    <p>Potential for high morbidity and mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax?

    <p>Blood or sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition and Features of Bioterrorism

    • Bioterrorism is the use of biological agents as weapons to intentionally cause harm or threaten harm to humans, animals, or plants.
    • Key features of biologic agents used as bioweapons include high propagation potential, ease of production, and high mortality rate.

    Types of Biological Agents

    • Biological agents used as bioweapons include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and toxins.
    • Examples of biological agents include anthrax, smallpox, and plague.

    CDC Classification of Biological Agents

    • The CDC classifies biological agents into three categories: A, B, and C.
    • Category A biological agents are considered to be the highest risk and have the potential to cause widespread illness and death.
    • Category A biological agents include anthrax, smallpox, and plague.

    Characteristics of Category A Biological Agents

    • Category A biological agents are highly infectious, have high mortality rates, and are easily transmitted from person to person.
    • These agents can cause widespread panic and social disruption.

    Primary Goal of Bioterrorism

    • The primary goal of a bioterrorist act is to create fear, panic, and disruption of society.

    Why Biological Agents are Used by Terrorists

    • Biological agents are likely to be used by terrorists because they are easy to produce, transport, and disseminate, and can cause widespread illness and death.

    Routes of Entry for Biological Agents

    • Biological agents can enter the human body through the skin, respiratory, or gastrointestinal systems.

    Characteristics of Anthrax

    • The most deadly form of anthrax infection is inhalation anthrax.
    • Cutaneous anthrax usually presents as a skin lesion.
    • The most common route of infection for humans with anthrax is through the skin.
    • Bacillus anthracis forms grey-white colonies when cultured.
    • The specimen used for laboratory diagnosis of anthrax is tissue or fluid samples.

    Primary Intent of Bioterrorism

    • The primary intent of a bioterrorism act is to create fear, panic, and disruption of society.

    Characteristics of Category B Biological Agents

    • Category B biological agents are moderately easy to disseminate and have moderate mortality rates.

    Efficiency of Aerosols

    • Aerosols are an efficient way to affect the maximum number of people with a single attack using biological agents because they can be easily disseminated and inhaled.

    Pathological Effects of Anthrax

    • The pathological effects of anthrax are related to the production of toxins that cause cell death and tissue damage.

    Most Common Form of Anthrax Infection

    • The most common form of anthrax infection is cutaneous anthrax.

    Presentation of Pulmonary Anthrax

    • The characteristic presentation of pulmonary anthrax is a severe flu-like illness with rapid progression to respiratory failure.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the definition and key features of bioterrorism, including the use of biological weapons, intended impact, and biologic agents. Explore the premeditated threat or actual use of biological weapons to produce disease or death in people, animals, or plants.

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