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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of gel electrophoresis?
What is the primary function of gel electrophoresis?
Which process involves creating genetically identical copies of a biological entity?
Which process involves creating genetically identical copies of a biological entity?
What concept describes the idea that allele frequencies remain constant in a population without evolutionary influences?
What concept describes the idea that allele frequencies remain constant in a population without evolutionary influences?
Which factor would be considered a pre-zygotic barrier to reproduction?
Which factor would be considered a pre-zygotic barrier to reproduction?
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In gene therapy, what is the main goal?
In gene therapy, what is the main goal?
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Which hypothesis suggests that eukaryotic cells developed from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes?
Which hypothesis suggests that eukaryotic cells developed from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes?
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Which type of vaccine generally contains weakened pathogens?
Which type of vaccine generally contains weakened pathogens?
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What term refers to barriers that occur after fertilization, impacting the offspring's viability?
What term refers to barriers that occur after fertilization, impacting the offspring's viability?
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What is the main characteristic of endotherms in terms of temperature regulation?
What is the main characteristic of endotherms in terms of temperature regulation?
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Which of the following mechanisms is involved in the regulation of body temperature?
Which of the following mechanisms is involved in the regulation of body temperature?
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What distinguishes asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction?
What distinguishes asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction?
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Where does internal fertilization typically occur in mammals?
Where does internal fertilization typically occur in mammals?
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Which of the following organs is part of the circulatory system?
Which of the following organs is part of the circulatory system?
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What is the primary outcome of the implantation of a human embryo?
What is the primary outcome of the implantation of a human embryo?
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What is meant by biodiversity in an ecosystem?
What is meant by biodiversity in an ecosystem?
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What is the primary cause of global warming?
What is the primary cause of global warming?
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: Biotechnology
- Gel Electrophoresis: Separates DNA fragments by size using electric current; smaller fragments migrate faster through the gel matrix.
- Cloning: Involves creating genetically identical copies of DNA sequences, cells, or organisms.
- Recombinant DNA Technology: Combines DNA from different sources into a single molecule to generate new genetic combinations.
- Gene Therapy: Inserts, alters, or removes genes within an individual's cells for disease treatment or prevention.
- Vaccines: Biological preparations that confer immunity against diseases, often made from inactivated or weakened pathogens.
Chapter 11: Evolution
- Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection: Organisms more suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, driving species evolution.
- Pre-zygotic Factors: Barriers preventing fertilization between different species, including temporal, ecological, behavioral, and mechanical isolation.
- Post-zygotic Factors: Barriers that occur after fertilization, resulting in reduced viability or fertility of hybrid offspring.
- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: Principle stating allele frequencies in a population remain stable from generation to generation without evolutionary influences.
- Eukaryote First Hypothesis: Suggests eukaryotic cells evolved before acquiring specialized functions like photosynthesis.
- Endosymbiotic Theory: Proposes that eukaryotic cells originated through symbiotic relationships among early prokaryotes, leading to organelle formation.
Chapter 16: Animal Physiology
- Endotherms: Animals regulating body temperature internally through metabolic processes rather than relying on environmental heat.
- Regulation of Body Temperature: Involves mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and blood flow adjustments to maintain internal temperatures.
- Epithelial Cells: Protective outer layer cells of the body, lining internal organs, involved in protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.
- Nitrogenous Wastes and Carbon Dioxide: Waste products from metabolism; nitrogenous wastes are excreted by the excretory system, carbon dioxide by the respiratory system.
- Functions of Tissues and Organs: Tissues are collections of similar cells for specific functions; organs are structures made of various tissues cooperating for complex functions.
- Circulatory and Respiratory Systems: Transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste; the circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels, while the respiratory system involves lungs and airways.
- Blood Flow through the Heart: Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, pumped to the lungs for oxygenation, and returns to the left atrium before being pumped to the body.
Chapter 18: Reproduction and Development
- Asexual and Sexual Reproduction: Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing identical offspring; sexual reproduction requires two parents contributing genetics for diversity.
- Internal and External Fertilization: Internal fertilization occurs within the body (e.g., mammals); external fertilization happens outside, typically in water (e.g., many fish).
- Implantation of Human Embryo: The fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall, marking the start of pregnancy.
Chapter 21: Ecology and Environmental Science
- Global Warming: Long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, particularly greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide.
- Biodiversity: The variety of life forms in a habitat or ecosystem, encompassing species diversity, genetic variation, and ecosystem variety.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts of biotechnology, including gel electrophoresis, cloning, recombinant DNA technology, and gene therapy. This quiz covers essential techniques and applications in the field of genetics and molecular biology.
