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Questions and Answers
What is the first action to take when a spill involving blood occurs?
Which PPE is NOT mentioned as necessary when handling spills?
How should the area of a blood spill be prepared for disinfection?
What is the recommended contact period for the disinfectant solution on a blood spill?
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What should be done with non-sharp materials contaminated with blood?
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What type of container should be used for disposing of sharps?
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Which item is NOT considered personal protective equipment?
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What should be done to contaminated stationary equipment after a spill?
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What percentage of airflow is recirculated in a type IIA1 cabinet?
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In a type IIA2 cabinet, what is the speed of the airflow uptake?
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What is the main feature that distinguishes a type C1 cabinet from a type B1 cabinet?
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How does the airflow in a type B1 cabinet operate compared to a type C1 cabinet?
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What percentage of work zone airflow is exhausted directly through the work tray grill in a type IIA1 cabinet?
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What other option can a type C1 cabinet utilize for exhaust apart from exhausting back into the room?
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What airflow speed is specified for the work area in a typical type IIA1 cabinet?
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What is the primary way airflow functions in type A2 cabinets compared to type C1 cabinets?
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Which type of waste should be placed in the yellow bag?
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What is the best practice to perform procedures that may generate aerosols or droplets?
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When using gloves, what should workers avoid touching?
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What type of waste is indicated to be placed in an orange bag?
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Which of the following should be used to minimize spattering when performing procedures?
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What types of agents are suitable for work in Biosafety Level 3?
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Which feature is NOT characteristic of a Biosafety Level 4 lab?
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What is the primary concern addressed by biosecurity risks?
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Which element is part of the mitigation strategy in the hierarchy of controls?
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What is a defining feature of Biosafety Level 3 laboratories?
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Which of the following pathogens is typically handled in a Biosafety Level 4 lab?
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What type of environment is necessary for effective work with level 4 pathogens?
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Which of the following organisms does NOT classify for work in Biosafety Level 3?
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What was the main purpose of the Laboratory Biosafety Manual first edition?
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Which of the following was NOT a method mentioned for achieving laboratory biosafety?
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What significant themes were addressed in the third edition of the Laboratory Biosafety Manual?
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What aspect of personal responsibility is emphasized in the third edition of the Laboratory Biosafety Manual?
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Which of the following is related to laboratory biosecurity?
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What kind of issues does the second edition of the Laboratory Biosafety Manual primarily address?
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Which of the following best describes the principles of laboratory biosafety?
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Why is it important to assess risks in laboratory biosafety?
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Study Notes
Biosafety Levels
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Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3): Designed for work with exotic or indigenous agents that can be transmitted via aerosols, causing serious or lethal diseases (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS).
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Effective treatments and vaccinations are available for BSL-3 agents.
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All operations are contained within a lab equipped with engineering controls to prevent agent release into the environment.
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Workers typically required to use respirators.
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Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4): Reserved for highly dangerous agents posing life-threatening diseases via infectious aerosols without available treatments or vaccines (e.g., Ebola, Marburg, Lassa).
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Requires total containment, with airtight labs, specialized doors, and advanced air and water treatment systems.
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Utilization of HEPA filters and positive pressure suits for personnel protection.
Mitigation Strategies
- Hierarchy of Controls: A systematic framework to control, reduce, or eliminate exposure to hazards, emphasizing combinations of multiple control measures.
- Encourages nations to adopt basic biosafety concepts and develop national codes for safe handling of pathogens.
- Development of laboratory design and access restrictions to enhance biosafety.
Laboratory Biosafety Manual
- 1993 Edition: Introduced guidelines for countries to create biosafety codes regarding pathogenic microorganisms.
- 2004 Edition: Focus on biological safety and security, with added risk assessment, recombinant DNA safety, and transport of infectious materials.
Laboratory Biosecurity
- Focused on preventing loss, theft, misuse, or intentional release of pathogens and toxins through institutional and personal security measures.
- Stresses personal responsibility in safeguarding biological materials.
Biological Safety Cabinet Function
- Type IIA1: Recirculates 70% airflow and exhausts 30% through HEPA filters.
- Type IIA2: Similar to IIA1 but with increased airflow uptake (100 linear feet per minute).
- Type C1: Features an internal exhaust motor to enhance airflow management and can exhaust either indoors or via external canopies.
Spill Management Protocol
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Procedure for Blood Spills:
- Alert nearby individuals and don appropriate PPE.
- Cover the spill area with paper towels, then apply disinfectant from the edge inward.
- Allow a 20-minute disinfectant contact period.
- Clean contaminated surfaces and maintain a documented laboratory log.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Essential items include safety glasses, goggles, utility gloves, wrap-around lab coats, and optional shoe covers.
- Maintain disposal systems for biohazardous materials (e.g., red bags for non-sharp waste, sharps containers for blades and needles).
Waste Management
- Use designated bags for chemical (black band), pharmaceutical (black band), and radioactive waste (orange bag) following specific disposal protocols.
- Ensure contaminated materials are handled properly to avoid any exposure risks.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various biosafety levels and their associated risks. This quiz covers BSL-3 and BSL-4 protocols, including containment measures and mitigation strategies. Understand the importance of safety in laboratories handling dangerous pathogens.