Biopsychology PSYCH 214 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What effect does alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine have on dopamine production?

It blocks the production of dopamine. (correct)

It enhances the effects of dopamine.

It increases dopamine production.

It has no effect on dopamine production.

What role do satellite cells play in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

They generate electrical signals.

They act as protective bodyguards for neurons. (correct)

They form synaptic connections.

They transmit information to the brain.

What is guanosine triphosphate primarily known for?

Blockading pain receptors.

Connecting nerve cells.

Acting as an energy-storing molecule. (correct)

Being a neurotransmitter.

What is the primary function of enteric glia in the digestive system?

Supporting and nourishing neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of neuropeptides?

They serve as neuromodulators due to their amino acid chain structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Camillo Golgi in neuroscience?

He developed a method to stain nerve cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do opiate drugs function in the body?

They relieve pain. Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms 'anterior' and 'posterior' refer to in anatomical positioning?

Front and back, respectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

A graded depolarization resulting from sodium ion flow into the neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What role do astrocytes play in the nervous system?

They take care of neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

To create myelin sheaths for axons. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for bending a joint?

Flexor muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microglia in the brain?

To act as immune cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does spatial summation refer to in neuronal function?

The summation of synaptic inputs from separate locations on a neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ependymal cells?

To produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Signup and view all the answers

Which neuron type sends information to another neuron?

Presynaptic neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hallucinogens like LSD?

They distort perception by resembling serotonin. Signup and view all the answers

What role do cannabinoids play in the nervous system?

They bind to anandamide or 2-AG receptors. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the central nervous system communicates with sense organs and muscles?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the sympathetic nervous system's role in digestion?

It decreases digestive activity. Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones behave in the body?

They influence other cells as a radio station does. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of white matter in the nervous system?

It consists of myelinated axons. Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system typically promotes non-emergency responses?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What does 'distal' refer to in anatomical terms?

Located further from the point of origin. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biopsychology Overview

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP): A graded depolarization resulting from sodium ions entering a neuron, enhancing the likelihood of an action potential.
Neurons: Specialized cells that receive and transmit information across the nervous system.
Glia: Supportive cells in the nervous system, essential for neuron function and health.

Muscle Types

Flexor Muscles: Function to bend joints, bringing bones closer together.
Extensor Muscles: Function to straighten joints, increasing the angle between bones.

Key Cell Types in the Nervous System

Astrocytes: Star-shaped glia that maintain the environment for neurons.
Oligodendrocytes: Produce myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS).
Microglia: Serve as the immune defense for the brain.
Ependymal Cells: Produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Radial Glia: Guide neuron migration during development.
Schwann Cells: Create myelin sheath for axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Satellite Cells: Protect and support neurons in the PNS.
Enteric Glia: Support and nourish neurons in the digestive system.

Neurotransmission

Presynaptic Neuron: The neuron that releases neurotransmitters to communicate with another neuron.
Spatial Summation: The process where synaptic inputs from different locations combine to influence a neuron's activity.
Temporal Summation: The cumulative effect of multiple signals from the same source received in a short timeframe.

Neurotransmitters and Their Modulators

L-DOPA: A precursor to dopamine used to increase dopamine supply.
Alpha-Methyl-Para-Tyrosine: Temporarily inhibits dopamine production.
Neuropeptides: Chains of amino acids acting as neuromodulators, distinct from traditional neurotransmitters.
Nicotine: Stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, influencing behavior.
Opiate Drugs: Pain-relieving substances from opium, includes morphine and heroin.
Cocaine: A stimulant drug that inhibits neurotransmitter reuptake, enhancing their effects.

Drug Effects

Methylphenidate (Ritalin): A stimulant typically prescribed for ADHD.
Hallucinogens: Drugs that alter perception, such as LSD, which closely resembles serotonin.
Cannabinoids: Active chemicals in marijuana that affect neurotransmission by binding to specific receptors.

Nervous System Divisions

Sympathetic Nervous System: Prepares the body for intense activity by decreasing digestive activity and increasing heart rate.
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Supports restful states and digestion, known as "rest and digest."

Anatomical Terminology

Anterior: Refers to the front end of the body (e.g., nose).
Posterior: Refers to the rear end of the body (e.g., heels).
Superior: Above another part (upper half).
Inferior: Below another part (lower half).
Ipsilateral: On the same side of the body.
Contralateral: On the opposite side of the body.
Distal: Further from the point of origin or attachment (e.g., fingers).

Structures and Functions

White Matter: Composed of myelinated axons involved in signal transmission.
Spinal Cord: Part of the CNS that communicates with various sense organs and muscles, except in the head.
Anterior Pituitary: Gland that synthesizes hormones; its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in biopsychology with a focus on excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and the function of invertebrate neurons. This quiz covers important topics like graded depolarization and spatial summation. Prepare to delve into the fascinating world of nervous system functioning in organisms without a backbone.