Biophysics Questions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How does the absolute error of the radioactive counting result change if it is measured for four times as long at essentially constant activity?

Does not change

Reduced to a quarter (correct)

Halved

Doubles in size

Which quantity is not an SI base unit?

Weight (correct)

Luminous intensity

Temperature

Speed

Which statements are true?

If the sound source approaches the detector, the detected frequency is greater than the emitted frequency (correct)

One type of ideal fluid is the non-Newtonian fluid

The osmosis pressure is equal to the partial pressure of the solvent

If Stokes' law is applicable, the diffusion constant is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the medium (correct)

Which of the following statements are true?

If the light beam enters a medium with a higher refractive index into a medium with a lower refractive index, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence Signup and view all the answers

What isotopes are used to measure blood dilution volume?

123I, 51Cr, 99mTc, 131I Signup and view all the answers

Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:

Python = General-purpose programming JavaScript = Client-side scripting for web applications SQL = Database queries CSS = Styling web pages Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal activity of a source 131I used for thyroid tests?

2 mCi Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements are NOT true? Alpha particles are Helium nuclei.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which EEG wave amplitude falls in the range of 50 - 100 µV?

Alpha Signup and view all the answers

The light-adapted eye is the most sensitive.

False Signup and view all the answers

After twenty minutes, what percentage of the 10-minute half-life isotope 13N introduced into the body has already decayed?

75 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct?

The retina has about 20 times as many cones as chopsticks Signup and view all the answers

How does the blood pressure change in the brain of a person who suddenly stands up?

Decrease Signup and view all the answers

What determines the degree of refraction at the border of two media?

From the relative refractive index of the second medium to the first medium Signup and view all the answers

Where is the blood pressure of a standing person highest?

In the foot Signup and view all the answers

Which quantity decreases with increasing the number of measurements?

Error of the mean Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biophysics Questions and Answers

Absolute Error Reduction: Measuring radioactive counting for four times longer at constant activity reduces the absolute error to a quarter.
Non-SI Base Unit: Weight is not an SI base unit; speed, luminous intensity, and temperature are.
Stochastic Biological Effect: Inheritable, its frequency increases with dose; the dose does not need to exceed a threshold for its occurrence.
Light Beam Direction Change: The most significant change in light beam direction occurs at the boundary between the eye's lens and vitreous body.
Volumetric Velocity and Pressure Difference: Volumetric velocity of a viscous liquid is directly proportional to the pressure difference.
Osmosis Pressure and Sound Frequency: Osmosis pressure is equal to the partial pressure of the solvent; if a sound source approaches a detector, the detected frequency increases.
Ideal Fluid Types: Non-Newtonian fluids are not an ideal fluid type.
Blood Dilution Isotopes: ⁵¹Cr is used to measure blood dilution volume.
Light Refraction and Medium Refractive Index: When a light beam enters a medium with a higher refractive index into a medium with a lower refractive index, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence.
Radioactive Isotope Decay Constant: The decay constant of a radioactive isotope with a 1-second half-life is approximately 0.7/s.
EEG Waves in Resting Brain: A resting brain emits alpha waves.
Biconcave Lens Properties: A biconcave lens is a spray lens when the refractive index of the medium is less than the refractive index of the lens.
Imaging Equipment Affecting Brain Image Resolution: CT imaging significantly worsens the resolution of brain images due to absorption by skull bone.

Laplace Law

Laplace Law: Describes the tension created by pressure in the wall of a circular pipe.

Blood Pressure Changes

Blood Pressure Changes (Sudden Standing): Blood pressure decreases in the brain of a person who suddenly stands up.

Blood Flow Rate Changes

Blood Flow Rate and Vessel Radius: If the radius of a vessel increases by 19%, the volumetric rate of blood flow increases by approximately twofold.

Imaging Methods and Ionizing Radiation

Imaging Methods Using Ionizing Radiation: CT and PET imaging use ionizing radiation to create images.

Visual Acuity and Eye Adaptation

Dark-Adapted Eye: Dark-adapted eyes are the most sensitive; visual acuity is poor in the dark-adapted state.
Eye Adaptation: The light-adapted state develops within minutes when transitioning from dark to light.
Eye Structure: The retina contains approximately 20 times as many rods as cones.

Light Wave Interference

Persistent Interference: Two light waves meet, causing persistent interference if their wavelengths are equal and they are coherent (constant phase difference).

SI Units

SI Unit (1/s): The SI unit of frequency is 1/s, as is the decay constant.

Korotkov Sounds

Korotkov Noise: A consequence of blood flow becoming laminar in an artery, Korotkov sounds disappear when pressure reaches diastolic.

Lens Image Formation

Lens Image Types (Real vs. Virtual): A straight object within focal length produces a virtual and upright image.

Ionizing Radiation Biological Effect

Ionizing Radiation Biological Effect: Alpha radiation has the greatest biological effect for the same energy transferred, compared to other ionizing radiations such as X-rays, neutrons or protons.

Ultracentrifuging

Ultracentrifuging: Heavier particles settle faster; lower diffusion constant means slower movement.

Beta Decay

Beta Decay, Positron: Mass number decreases by 1 in beta decay with a positron emission.

Radioactive Isotope Half-life

Effective Half-life: The effective half-life of a radioactive isotope administered to the body is less than the biological half-life.

Alpha Particles and Properties

Alpha Particles: Alpha particles are helium nuclei (doubly ionized helium).

EEG Waves and Amplitude

EEG Wave Amplitude: The amplitude range of Beta waves is between 50 and 100 µV.

Radioactive Isotope Decay

Radioactive Isotope Decay (13N): After 20 minutes, 75% of the 10-minute half-life isotope ¹³N has decayed.

Lens Refractive Power

Lens Refractive Power: The refractive power of lens systems is the sum of the refractive powers of the individual lenses in contact.

Radioactive Source Activity

Radioactive Source Activity: The activity of a radioactive source is measured as the number of radioactive decays per second.

Imaging Method and Electromagnetic Radiation

Imaging Method Without Electromagnetic Radiation: Echoencephalography does not use electromagnetic radiation.

Diffusion Constant

Diffusion Constant and Properties: The diffusion constant depends on temperature, medium viscosity, and the shape of the diffusing particle.

Refraction at Media Boundary

Refraction and Media Properties: The degree of refraction is determined by the relative refractive index of the second medium to the first.

Light Wave Interaction

Light Wave Interaction: Meeting light waves can result in interference, with their intensities adding up.

Lens Image Formation (Real vs. Virtual, Object Position)

Lens Image Types (Real vs. Virtual): A real and upright object outside the focal length of a convex lens produces a real and inverted image.

Diathermy Frequencies

Diathermy Frequencies: Ultrasound frequencies used in medical applications range from 2-18 MHz.

Liquid Flow Pressure Change

Ideal Fluid Flow Pressure: Pressure in an ideal fluid flowing in a pipe decreases when the pipe diameter increases.

Ideal Liquid Flow Pressure Change

Ideal Liquid Flow Pressure (Decreasing Diameter): Pressure in an ideal liquid flowing in a pipe increases when the pipe diameter decreases.

Diffusion Constant Dependence

Diffusion Constant Dependence: The diffusion constant depends on the temperature, density of the medium, and the shape of the diffusing particle.

Imaging Equipment and Cancer Detection

Imaging Equipment for Tumor Detection: MRI offers the most accurate technique for pinpointing cancerous tumors among the options provided.

Braking Radiation

Braking Radiation: Minimum wavelength of braking radiation depends on the anode material; its power and total energy depend on the accelerating voltage; the spectrum includes distinct peaks.

Patch-Clamp Technique

Patch-Clamp Technique: It maintains the membrane's voltage or tension.

EEG Wave Frequency

EEG Wave Frequency: Delta waves have frequencies from 4 to 7 Hz.

Infusion Solutions and Hemolysis

Hemolysis-Causing Infusion: Hypotonic infusion solutions cause hemolysis.

ECG Signal

ECG QRS Complex Amplitude: The normal QRS complex amplitude in a two-lead ECG signal is 1-2 mV.

Lambert's Law

Lambert's Law: States that the intensity of light decreases through a material, varying with its thickness.

Blood Pressure Location

Blood Pressure Location: Blood pressure is highest in the heart when a person is standing.

Liquid Volumetric Rate and Viscosity

Liquid Volumetric Rate and Viscosity: The volumetric rate of a viscous liquid is inversely proportional to viscosity.

Isotonic NaCl Saline Concentration

Isotonic NaCl Concentration: The concentration of Na in isotonic NaCl saline is 0.9%.

Effective Dose Unit

Effective Dose Unit: The unit of effective dose is J/kg.

Measurement Error

Measurement Error: Empirical standard deviation decreases with increased measurements, the error of the mean decreases.

Non-SI Quantities

Non-SI Quantities: speed of light in vacuum, luminous intensity, and weight are not SI base quantities, neither is Fermi.

Dark-Adapted Eye

Dark-Adapted Eye: The dark-adapted eye is the most sensitive, with poor visual acuity, and the dark-adapted state develops within minutes when transitioning to darkness.

Mechanical Energy

Mechanical Energy (Kitten): Mechanical energy is the same in both cases (sitting/running).

Diffusion and Movement Direction

Diffusion Direction: Mediated diffusion moves particles from a lower concentration area to a higher concentration one across a membrane, opposite to simple diffusion.

Radioactive Isotope Decay (11C)

Radioactive Isotope Decay (11C): After 1 hour, 12.5% of the ¹¹C isotope with 20-minute half-life hasn't decayed.
Diffusion and Properties: Globular proteins have lower diffusion constants compared to fibrillar proteins. Diffusion constant is proportional to temperature, but inversely proportional to viscosity.

Units of Measurements

SI Units (Radioactivity): The unit for radioactive activity is Becquerel (Bq).

Radioactive Isotope Decay (13N)

Radioactive Decay (13N): After 40 minutes, 6.25% of the isotope ¹³N (10-minute half-life) hasn't decayed.

Electronic Wavelength

Electron Wavelength: Wavelength of an accelerated electron in a vacuum (1.5 V potential) is approximately 90 nm.

Light Wave Interference Conditions

Light Wave Interference Conditions: Persistent interference occurs between coherent light waves.

SI Unit (Time)

SI Unit (Time): The second is the SI unit for time/period time.

¹³¹I Activity

¹³¹I Activity: A normal activity for ¹³¹I is 2 mCi for thyroid tests.

Beta Particles

Beta Particles: Beta particles are high-energy electrons.

Voltage-Clamp Technique

Voltage-Clamp Technique: The technique holds membrane voltage at a preset level.

EEG Wave Amplitudes

EEG Wave Amplitudes: Delta waves have maximum amplitudes less than 20 µV.

Absolute Error Calculation

Absolute Error Calculation: The absolute error (difference) calculation in multiple measurements involves calculating the square root of the sum of the squares of absolute errors for each quantity.

Radioactive Decay Constant

Radioactive Decay Constant and Half-life: The decay constant is inversely proportional to the half-life.

Microwave Frequency

Microwave Frequency: 2.54 GHz is used for microwave sliding terminals.

Infusion Solution Effect

Infusion Solution Effect: Hypertonic infusion solutions cause plasmolysis (shrinkage of cells).

Irradiation Dose Unit

Irradiation Dose Unit: The SI unit for irradiation dose is gray (Gy).

Capacitor Field Diathermy Frequency

Capacitor Field Diathermy Frequency: 2770 kHz and 0.03 GHz to 100 kHz ranges are used for capacitor field diathermy

Real Object Image Formation (Lens)

Real Image Formation (Lens): A real, inverted image is formed when a real object is placed beyond the focal length of a converging lens.

Diffusion Constant Dependence (Variables)

Diffusion Constant Variables: The diffusion constant does not depend on the pH value of the medium.

Alpha Particles Properties

Alpha Particle Properties: Alpha particles are helium nuclei (doubly ionized helium atoms).

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Test your knowledge on various biophysics concepts with this quiz. It covers topics such as errors in measurements, non-SI units, stochastic effects, and fluid dynamics. Ideal for students and enthusiasts looking to challenge themselves!