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Questions and Answers
Which imaging method does not use electromagnetic radiation to create the image?
Which imaging method does not use electromagnetic radiation to create the image?
What is the SI unit of the diffusion constant?
What is the SI unit of the diffusion constant?
What determines the degree of refraction at the boundary of two media?
What determines the degree of refraction at the boundary of two media?
What happens when two light waves meet?
What happens when two light waves meet?
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If an object is outside the focal length of a converging lens, the image will be?
If an object is outside the focal length of a converging lens, the image will be?
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How does the pressure of an ideal fluid flow change when the diameter of the pipe increases?
How does the pressure of an ideal fluid flow change when the diameter of the pipe increases?
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What does the diffusion constant D depend on?
What does the diffusion constant D depend on?
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Which imaging equipment is best suited for accurately pinpointing cancerous tumors?
Which imaging equipment is best suited for accurately pinpointing cancerous tumors?
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Which imaging equipment significantly worsens the resolution of brain images due to absorption from the skull bone?
Which imaging equipment significantly worsens the resolution of brain images due to absorption from the skull bone?
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How does blood pressure change in the brain of a person who suddenly stands up?
How does blood pressure change in the brain of a person who suddenly stands up?
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What frequency range is characteristic of alpha EEG waves?
What frequency range is characteristic of alpha EEG waves?
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All else being equal, how does the volume rate of blood flowing laminally through the tube change if the radius of a vessel increases by 19%?
All else being equal, how does the volume rate of blood flowing laminally through the tube change if the radius of a vessel increases by 19%?
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Which infusion solution is most likely to cause hemolysis?
Which infusion solution is most likely to cause hemolysis?
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What is the approximate magnitude of the QRS complex peak in a two-lead ECG signal?
What is the approximate magnitude of the QRS complex peak in a two-lead ECG signal?
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Which statement about visual perception is correct?
Which statement about visual perception is correct?
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When do two light waves meeting each other cause persistent interference?
When do two light waves meeting each other cause persistent interference?
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Which law describes the decrease in light intensity as it passes through a material?
Which law describes the decrease in light intensity as it passes through a material?
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Which imaging method uses ionizing radiation to create the image?
Which imaging method uses ionizing radiation to create the image?
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Where is blood pressure highest in a standing person?
Where is blood pressure highest in a standing person?
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The SI unit of which quantity is 1/s?
The SI unit of which quantity is 1/s?
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How does viscosity affect the volumetric rate of a viscous liquid?
How does viscosity affect the volumetric rate of a viscous liquid?
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The Korotkov noise occurs when?
The Korotkov noise occurs when?
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What is the official concentration of Na in isotonic NaCl saline?
What is the official concentration of Na in isotonic NaCl saline?
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Which statement about the dark-adapted eye is correct?
Which statement about the dark-adapted eye is correct?
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What is the percentage of the inhaled isotope 11C that has not decayed after one hour?
What is the percentage of the inhaled isotope 11C that has not decayed after one hour?
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Which of the following statements about diffusion constants is true?
Which of the following statements about diffusion constants is true?
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Which of the following is NOT an official SI unit of measurement?
Which of the following is NOT an official SI unit of measurement?
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What is the percentage of the isotope 13N that has not decayed after forty minutes?
What is the percentage of the isotope 13N that has not decayed after forty minutes?
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What is the typical wavelength of an electron accelerated by a 1.5V pencil battery?
What is the typical wavelength of an electron accelerated by a 1.5V pencil battery?
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When do two light waves cause persistent interference?
When do two light waves cause persistent interference?
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Which quantity has the second as its SI unit?
Which quantity has the second as its SI unit?
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What is the normal activity of the source 131I used for thyroid tests?
What is the normal activity of the source 131I used for thyroid tests?
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What is the relationship between the decay constant and half-life?
What is the relationship between the decay constant and half-life?
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If a real object is within the focal length of a collector lens, what type of image is formed?
If a real object is within the focal length of a collector lens, what type of image is formed?
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Which infusion solution causes plasmolysis?
Which infusion solution causes plasmolysis?
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Which of the following statements about alpha particles is true?
Which of the following statements about alpha particles is true?
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Which statement is wrong regarding the light-adapted eye?
Which statement is wrong regarding the light-adapted eye?
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What frequency is used in capacitor field diathermy?
What frequency is used in capacitor field diathermy?
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Which ionizing radiation has the greatest biological effect for the same energy transferred?
Which ionizing radiation has the greatest biological effect for the same energy transferred?
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When ultracentrifuging, which of the following statements is true?
When ultracentrifuging, which of the following statements is true?
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What happens to the mass number during positron beta decay?
What happens to the mass number during positron beta decay?
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What is the effective half-life of a radioactive isotope administered to the body?
What is the effective half-life of a radioactive isotope administered to the body?
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Which statement about alpha particles is NOT true?
Which statement about alpha particles is NOT true?
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Which EEG wave amplitude falls in the range of 50 - 100 µV?
Which EEG wave amplitude falls in the range of 50 - 100 µV?
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What percentage of a 10-minute half-life isotope 13N has decayed after twenty minutes?
What percentage of a 10-minute half-life isotope 13N has decayed after twenty minutes?
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How is the activity of a radioactive source defined?
How is the activity of a radioactive source defined?
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Study Notes
Biophysics Questions and Answers
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Absolute Error Reduction: Measuring radioactive decay for four times as long, while maintaining constant activity, reduces the absolute error to one-quarter of its initial value.
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Non-SI Base Unit: Weight is not an SI base unit. SI base units include speed, luminous intensity, temperature.
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Stochastic Biological Effects: These effects are inheritable and their frequency of occurrence increases with dose. Their threshold dose varies depending on ionizing radiation type.
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Light Beam Refraction: The most significant change in light beam direction within the human eye occurs at the border between the lens and the vitreous fluid, not entry into the cornea.
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Viscous Liquid Velocity: Volumetric velocity is directly proportional to the pressure difference.
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Osmosis Pressure: Osmosis pressure equals the partial pressure of the solvent. Sound source approaching a detector results in detected frequency increase. Non-Newtonian fluids are one example of ideal fluids. With Stokes' law, the diffusion constant inversely relates to the medium’s viscosity.
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Blood Dilution Measurement: Isotopes like ⁵¹Cr are used to measure blood dilution volume, not ¹²³I, ⁹⁹mTc, or ¹³¹I.
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Light Refraction and Notes: If light passes from a higher refractive index medium to a lower refractive index, the refractive angle is less than the angle of incidence; higher notes have slower speeds than lower notes. Thermography uses electromagnetic radiation. Mediated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion.
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Radioactive Decay Constant: A radioactive isotope with a 1-second half-life has a decay constant approaching 0.7/s.
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EEG Waves During Rest: Alpha waves are emitted by a resting brain.
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Biconcave Lens: A biconcave lens acts as a spray lens when the radii of curvature are equal and the lens has a lower refractive index than the surrounding medium.
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Brain Imaging Resolution: Computed Tomography (CT) imaging significantly worsens brain image resolution due to absorption by the skull bone.
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Laplace Law: Laplace Law describes the tension created by pressure in the wall of a circular pipe.
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Blood Pressure Change: Blood pressure in the brain typically decreases after a sudden change in posture to a standing position.
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Laminar Blood Flow: If the radius of a vessel increases by 19%, blood's volume flow rate increases by about 68.89% (3x the radius increase in flow).
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Imaging Methods: CT and PET use ionizing radiation in image creation.
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Dark-Adapted Eye: The dark-adapted eye is more sensitive than the light-adapted one, but visual acuity is poorer. Visual adaptation from dark to light occurs within minutes.
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Light Wave Interference: Persistent interference occurs between light waves that are coherent and have a constant phase difference.
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SI Unit for Decay Constant: The SI unit for the decay constant is reciprocal time (1/s).
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Korotkov Noise: Korotkov noise occurs during the transition of blood flow from turbulent to laminar within the artery during blood pressure measurement.
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Scatter Lens Image: If a straight object is within a scatter lens' focal length, the image is virtual and upright.
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Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation: Alpha radiation, of the same energy transfer, has a larger biological effect than other types of radiation (3 MeV x-rays, 3 MeV neutrons, and 3 MeV protons).
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Ultracentrifuging: Heavier particles settle faster during ultracentrifuging. A particle with a higher density settles faster. And Lower friction coefficient results in a faster movement speed.
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Beta Decay Positron: Positron emission in beta decay decreases the mass number by one.
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Effective Half-Life: An administered radioactive isotope's effective half-life is always less than its biological half-life.
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Alpha Particles: Alpha particles are helium nuclei (doubly ionized helium atoms).
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EEG Wave Amplitude: Beta waves' amplitude typically ranges between 50-100µV.
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Radioactive Decay Percentage: 75% of the 10-minute half life isotope 13N has decayed after 20 minutes.
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Radioactive Decay of 14N: After 40 minutes, approximately 6.25% of 14N isotope, with a 10-minute half-life, remains undecayed.
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Lens System Refractive Power: The refractive power of two thin lenses in contact is the sum of their individual refractive powers.
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Radioactive Source Activity: The activity of a radioactive source is the number of radioactive decays per second, not alpha particles emitted, total energy, or ionizing effect.
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Stokes Law: The Stokes Law describes the force of resistance experienced by a spherical body moving in a viscous liquid.
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Non-Electromagnetic Imaging: Echoencephalography, not radioactive tracing, thermography, or PET, is an imaging method that does not utilize electromagnetic radiation to create images.
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Diffusion Constant SI Unit: The SI unit for the diffusion constant is kg/ms.
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Refraction and Media Properties: The degree of refraction at the interface of two media depends on the speeds of light in each and the relative refractive index of one medium to another.
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Light Wave Interaction: Two meeting light waves can lead to persistent interference if they're coherent and have a constant phase difference.
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Lens Image: If a real, upright object is beyond a collecting lens' focal length, the formed image is real and inverted (reversed).
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Coil Diathermy Frequency: 2570 MHz.
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Ultrasound Frequency: 2-18 MHz.
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Ideal Fluid Pressure Variation: When the diameter of an ideal fluid-filled pipe increases, the pressure decreases; when it decreases, pressure increases.
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Diffusion Constant Dependence: The diffusion constant (D) depends on temperature, the medium's characteristics (viscosity), and the shape of the diffusing particle.
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Cancerous Tumor Imaging: MRI is an imaging technique better than CT, gamma camera, or SPECT for accurately locating cancerous tumors.
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Braking Radiation: Braking radiation's minimum wavelength depends only on the target material. its power is related to the accelerating voltage. The total energy is less than the electron beam's energy. It contains a spectrum not sharply distinct peaks.
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Patch-Clamp Technique: The patch-clamp technique maintains the membrane voltage at a predetermined value, enabling researchers to study ion channel activity across cell membranes.
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EEG Wave Frequency: Delta waves have a frequency in the 4-7 Hz range.
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Hemolysis-Causing Solution: A hypotonic infusion solution causes hemolysis.
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ECG Signal Amplitude: The QRS complex of a two-lead ECG signal typically has a peak magnitude of 1-2 mV, not 2-3 mA or 20-25 Watt.
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Lambert Law: The Lambert Law refers to the decrease in light intensity as it passes through a material, which is dependent on the material's thickness.
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Blood Pressure Location: Blood pressure is highest in the heart and lowest in parts of the feet, furthest from the heart, in a person who is standing upright.
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Viscosity and Volumetric Rate: The volumetric rate of a viscous liquid is inversely proportional to its viscosity, not proportional.
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Isotonic NaCl Concentration: The concentration of sodium in isotonic NaCl saline is 0.9%.
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Effective Dose Unit: The unit for effective dose is J/kg.
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Uncertainty in Measurements (Quantities): The empirical standard deviation decreases as the number of measurements increases. The error in the mean decreases.
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Non-SI Basic Quantity: Weight is not an official SI basic quantity. Speed, luminous intensity, and temperature are.
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Non-official SI Unit: Fermi, rad, Kev, and are not official SI units.
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Dark-Adapted Eye Limitations: A dark-adapted eye is the most sensitive, but its visual acuity is poor; color perception is diminished.
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Mechanical Energy: Mechanical energy is equivalent in both cases; the location or speed of an object does not affect its mechanical energy.
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Photoelectron Energy: The energy of photoelectrons depends on the light's frequency, not intensity. Higher notes have less penetration power than lower ones.
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Inhaled Isotope Decay: The percentage of the inhaled ¹¹C (20-minute half-life) isotope that remains undecayed after one hour is 12.5%.
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Diffusion Constant Properties: The diffusion constant (D) is proportional to temperature but inverse by viscosity of the medium, not proportional to the mass of the diffusing particle.
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Electron Wavelength Calculation: Determining an electron's wavelength requires knowledge of its kinetic energy.
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Coherent Interference: Two light waves cause persistent interference only when they are coherent (maintain a constant phase difference).
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Decay Constant: The decay constant is inversely proportional to the half-life.
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131I Activity: A typical activity of ¹³¹I used in thyroid tests is 2 mCi (megacuries).
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Beta Particles: Beta particles are high-energy electrons.
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Voltage Clamp Technique: A voltage clamp maintains a set membrane potential.
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EEG Wave Amplitude: Delta waves are characterized by amplitudes below 20 µV. The amplitude of the EEG waves can vary.
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Error of Difference of Quantities: The absolute error of the difference between quantities is the square root of the sum of their squared absolute errors.
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Radioactive Decay Constant and Half-Life: Decay constant is inversely proportional to half-life.
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Microwave Frequency: 2.54 GHz is the microwave frequency.
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Infusion Solution and Plasmolysis: A hypertonic solution causes plasmolysis.
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Irradiation Dose Unit: The SI unit for the irradiation dose is the Gray (Gy).
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Capacitor Field Diathermy: 2.570 MHz
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Real Object Image from a Lens: A real, upright object located within the focal point of a collector lens generates an apparent, erect image outside the lens.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential biophysics concepts with this quiz. Covering topics such as radioactive decay, ionizing radiation effects, light refraction in the human eye, and fluid dynamics, this quiz challenges your understanding and application of biophysical principles. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of biophysics!
