Biopharma and Pharmacokinetics Overview

<p>Personal preferences of patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that efficacy is achieved without risking toxicity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By affecting drug's physical-chemical properties such as solubility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formulation and type of dosage form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption is defined as the process from site of administration to site of measurement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subcutaneous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speed of absorption under specific conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient's psychological state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial metabolism of a drug after ingestion before reaching systemic circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fick’s first law of diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often the same locations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It declines over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cp = (Cp)0 e-Kt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cp = Ae-α.t + B e-β.t (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>salicylic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>salicyl glucuronide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used as an antidysrhythmic agent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extravascular administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conversion of aspirin to salicylic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an active metabolite used as a nonselective β-antagonist. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an inactive metabolite excreted in urine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only intravenously administered drugs enter systemic circulation directly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>t1/2 = 0.693/K (C), K = 0.693/t1/2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the elimination half-life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pen VK (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creatinine clearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is dependent on dose administered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short elimination half-life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mother's milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K decreases as t1/2 increases. (A), K increases as t1/2 decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distinction between them is often difficult. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All processes occurring after drug absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time at which the body registers the highest plasma concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight of the subject (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The highest plasma concentration at the time of peak time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tmax = ln (Ka/K)/(Ka – K) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It extends peak time, resulting in slower onset of action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Area under the curve (AUC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A dosage form designed for maximum therapeutic effect with minimal drug.

The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and their effects.

The proportion of a drug that enters systemic circulation when introduced into the body.

Factors like health status that affect drug absorption and disposition.

The concentration range of a drug in the body where it is effective without being toxic.

The study of factors influencing drug bioavailability and optimizing therapeutic activity.

Includes chemical nature, excipients, and method of manufacture impacting drug action.

Assesses how different drugs affect each other's pharmacokinetic properties.

The time it takes for a drug to start working after administration.

The process by which a drug moves from the site of administration to the bloodstream.

Not all administered drug doses reach systemic circulation.

Routes of drug administration that are outside of the bloodstream.

The process by which drug molecules move across membranes without energy.

Metabolism of a drug after absorption from the gastrointestinal tract before it reaches systemic circulation.

A constant that describes the rate at which a drug is absorbed.

States that the absorption rate is proportional to the concentration difference.

The speed at which a drug is absorbed, usually expressed in mg/hr.

Characteristics of a drug that affect its behavior and absorption in the body.

Processes occurring after drug absorption, including distribution and elimination.

Time at which maximum plasma concentration of a drug is reached.

Highest plasma concentration of a drug at peak time.

Measurement of total drug exposure over time in the bloodstream.

Factors like route of administration and renal function affecting peak time.

Renal issues can prolong peak time and delay drug effects.

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug to reduce by half.

A measure of the rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body.

t1/2 = 0.693/K; shows how half-life and K are connected.

Drugs that are eliminated quickly, typically in 1 to 4 hours.

Pen VK and captopril, both with about 2-hour half-lives.

Drugs that take significantly longer to eliminate, often over 24 hours.

Drugs like digoxin (43 hrs), warfarin (40 hrs), and phenobarbital (110 hrs).

Kidney problems can increase the elimination half-life of drugs.

A test that evaluates kidney function, affecting drug elimination.

How a drug is distributed to tissues after absorption.

A pharmacokinetic model where the body is treated as a single, uniform compartment for drug concentration.

A pharmacokinetic model that divides the body into two compartments for better concentration-time profiles.

Delivering a drug directly into the bloodstream via a vein.

A measure of drug concentration in plasma over time after administration.

The chemical process that transforms a drug into metabolites in the body.

Metabolites that have therapeutic effects similar to the parent drug.

Metabolites that do not exert therapeutic effects and are typically eliminated.

The conversion of aspirin to salicylic acid and other metabolites in the body.

An active metabolite of procainamide used as an antidysrhythmic agent.

An active metabolite of propranolol used as a nonselective β-antagonist.