Podcast
Questions and Answers
What biomolecule is characterized by having elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen?
What biomolecule is characterized by having elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen?
Which type of lipid has the potential to raise LDL cholesterol levels in the blood?
Which type of lipid has the potential to raise LDL cholesterol levels in the blood?
What is the basic unit or monomer of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA?
What is the basic unit or monomer of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA?
Which biomolecule spontaneously gathers when placed in water because of its hydrophobic nature?
Which biomolecule spontaneously gathers when placed in water because of its hydrophobic nature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of fatty acids have one or more double bonds of carbon and are considered healthier?
Which type of fatty acids have one or more double bonds of carbon and are considered healthier?
Signup and view all the answers
What gives structure to DNA as two chains bond together to form a helix?
What gives structure to DNA as two chains bond together to form a helix?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of bond is responsible for linking two 6-C chains in polysaccharides?
What kind of bond is responsible for linking two 6-C chains in polysaccharides?
Signup and view all the answers
Which polysaccharide consists entirely of glucose monomers?
Which polysaccharide consists entirely of glucose monomers?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of glucose are the linkages helical?
In which type of glucose are the linkages helical?
Signup and view all the answers
Which amino acid property differs among the 20 kinds due to differing side chains (R Groups)?
Which amino acid property differs among the 20 kinds due to differing side chains (R Groups)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of protein structure involves the folding of the entire length of amino acids into specific shapes?
Which level of protein structure involves the folding of the entire length of amino acids into specific shapes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of chaperonins in cells?
What is the role of chaperonins in cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of food turning into energy that serves bacterial growth?
What is the process of food turning into energy that serves bacterial growth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of biomolecules consists of large carbon chains and includes glucose as the most common monosaccharide?
Which type of biomolecules consists of large carbon chains and includes glucose as the most common monosaccharide?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of isomer has the same molecular formula but different C skeleton structures?
What type of isomer has the same molecular formula but different C skeleton structures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component of all biomolecules that contains sugars and polymers of sugar?
What is the main component of all biomolecules that contains sugars and polymers of sugar?
Signup and view all the answers
Which linkage is seen in maltose and sucrose?
Which linkage is seen in maltose and sucrose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of compound does not contain carbons?
Which type of compound does not contain carbons?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules are organic molecules that consist of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen and phosphorus.
Lipids
- Lipids have a central core of glycerol that binds up to 3 fatty acid chains.
- They exhibit a high number of C-H bonds, making them non-polar and high in energy.
- Lipids spontaneously gather in water due to their non-polar nature.
- Types of lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
- Fatty acids vary in length and number and location of double bonds.
- Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, no double bonds, and are considered unhealthy.
- Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds and are considered healthy.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA.
- DNA is a double polymer (chain) made up of nucleotides.
- Each chain bonds together to form a helix.
Biomolecules to Remember
- Elements of each biomolecule: CHO, CHON, CHONP.
- Carbohydrates and lipids: CHO.
- Proteins: CHON.
- Nucleic acids: CHONP.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates have a glycosidic linkage between sugar monomers.
- Polysaccharides consist of multiple sugars.
- Structure and function are determined by sugar monomers and glycosidic linkages.
- Examples of polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are insoluble fibers that digest specific linkages of cellulose.
Proteins
- Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells.
- Functions of proteins include enzymes, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, and storage.
- Proteins are polymers built from 20 amino acids.
- Amino acids differ in their properties due to differing side chains (R groups).
- Linked by peptide bonds.
- Four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
- Chaperonins are protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins.
Introduction to Biomolecules
- Biomolecules are organic molecules that consist of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- Metabolism is the process of food turning into energy for growth and maintenance.
- Catabolism is the breaking down of complex molecules into their basic parts.
- Compounds can be classified into organic (contain carbon) and inorganic (do not contain carbon).
- Monomers are made into polymers by dehydration reactions, and broken down into monomers by hydrolysis reactions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on lipids and nucleic acids, key biomolecules in living organisms. Explore the structure of lipids with glycerol and fatty acid chains, and understand the composition and function of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
