Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which biomolecule category is responsible for storing genetic information?
Which biomolecule category is responsible for storing genetic information?
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
- Nucleic acids (correct)
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
- Store genetic information
- Act as enzymes
- Facilitate cell communication
- Provide energy (correct)
Which type of lipid is found in cell membranes and plays a structural role?
Which type of lipid is found in cell membranes and plays a structural role?
- Saturated fats
- Trans fats
- Simple lipids
- Complex lipids (correct)
Which biomolecule is essential for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies?
Which biomolecule is essential for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies?
How do nucleic acids differ from proteins in terms of their function in living organisms?
How do nucleic acids differ from proteins in terms of their function in living organisms?
What is the classification of lipids based on their complexity?
What is the classification of lipids based on their complexity?
Which biomolecule category consists of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?
Which biomolecule category consists of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?
How do carbohydrates mainly differ from lipids in terms of their structure and function?
How do carbohydrates mainly differ from lipids in terms of their structure and function?
What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?
What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?
How can one differentiate between proteins and nucleic acids based on their functions?
How can one differentiate between proteins and nucleic acids based on their functions?
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Study Notes
Biomolecules
- Major categories of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates
- Classified into three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides: simplest form of carbohydrates (e.g. glucose, fructose).
- Disaccharides: formed by bonding two monosaccharides (e.g. sucrose, lactose).
- Polysaccharides: composed of multiple monosaccharides (e.g. starch, cellulose).
Lipids
- Two classes: simple and complex lipids.
- Simple lipids: triglycerides (fatty acid + glycerol) and steroids (e.g. cholesterol).
- Complex lipids: phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine), glycolipids, and sphingolipids.
Nucleic Acids
- Structure: double helix (DNA) or single strand (RNA).
- Uses: storing genetic information, transmitting genetic traits, and regulating gene expression.
- Function: DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
Proteins
- Structure: amino acid chain (primary), secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
- Uses: enzymes, hormones, structural components, transport molecules, and defense molecules.
- Function: catalyzing metabolic reactions, regulating metabolic pathways, and responding to stimuli.
Identification and Functions
- Biomolecules can be identified through physical and chemical tests or based on their function.
- Different biomolecules have distinct structures and functions.
- Biomolecules present on food labels can affect health if consumed in excess or deficiency, e.g.:
- Carbohydrates: energy source, excessive consumption linked to obesity and diabetes.
- Lipids: energy source, excessive consumption linked to cardiovascular disease.
- Proteins: building blocks, deficiency linked to muscle wasting and impaired immune function.
- Nucleic acids: not typically listed on food labels, but essential for genetic regulation.
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