Biomolecules Classification and Properties Quiz

Which biomolecule category is responsible for storing genetic information?

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Which type of lipid is found in cell membranes and plays a structural role?

Which biomolecule is essential for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies?

How do nucleic acids differ from proteins in terms of their function in living organisms?

What is the classification of lipids based on their complexity?

Which biomolecule category consists of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?

How do carbohydrates mainly differ from lipids in terms of their structure and function?

What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

How can one differentiate between proteins and nucleic acids based on their functions?

Biomolecules

Major categories of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates

Classified into three types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides: simplest form of carbohydrates (e.g. glucose, fructose).
Disaccharides: formed by bonding two monosaccharides (e.g. sucrose, lactose).
Polysaccharides: composed of multiple monosaccharides (e.g. starch, cellulose).

Lipids

Two classes: simple and complex lipids.
Simple lipids: triglycerides (fatty acid + glycerol) and steroids (e.g. cholesterol).
Complex lipids: phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine), glycolipids, and sphingolipids.

Nucleic Acids

Structure: double helix (DNA) or single strand (RNA).
Uses: storing genetic information, transmitting genetic traits, and regulating gene expression.
Function: DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

Proteins

Structure: amino acid chain (primary), secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
Uses: enzymes, hormones, structural components, transport molecules, and defense molecules.
Function: catalyzing metabolic reactions, regulating metabolic pathways, and responding to stimuli.

Identification and Functions

Biomolecules can be identified through physical and chemical tests or based on their function.
Different biomolecules have distinct structures and functions.
Biomolecules present on food labels can affect health if consumed in excess or deficiency, e.g.:
- Carbohydrates: energy source, excessive consumption linked to obesity and diabetes.
- Lipids: energy source, excessive consumption linked to cardiovascular disease.
- Proteins: building blocks, deficiency linked to muscle wasting and impaired immune function.
- Nucleic acids: not typically listed on food labels, but essential for genetic regulation.

Test your knowledge on major biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Learn about the classification of carbohydrates into mono-, di-, and polysaccharides, differentiate simple and complex lipids, and explore the structure, uses, and functions of nucleic acids and proteins. Identify biomolecules through physical and chemical tests or functional properties.