Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of enzymes in the body?
What is the main function of enzymes in the body?
- To speed up reactions by lowering activation energy (correct)
- To transport nutrients across membranes
- To provide structural support to cells
- To store energy for later use
What happens to enzymes when exposed to extreme temperatures?
What happens to enzymes when exposed to extreme temperatures?
- They enhance their catalytic activity
- They become more functional
- They break down into simpler molecules
- They are denatured (correct)
During which condition do stomach digestive enzymes work most effectively?
During which condition do stomach digestive enzymes work most effectively?
- Basic (alkaline) conditions
- Variable pH conditions
- Neutral conditions
- Acidic conditions (correct)
What must be done to a protein in order to accurately test for its presence in a solution?
What must be done to a protein in order to accurately test for its presence in a solution?
How does the shape of a substrate relate to the active site of an enzyme?
How does the shape of a substrate relate to the active site of an enzyme?
Flashcards
What are enzymes?
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.
What is an enzyme's active site?
What is an enzyme's active site?
The active site is a specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds. It is a three-dimensional pocket that perfectly fits the shape of the substrate.
What is a substrate?
What is a substrate?
The substrate is the molecule that binds to the enzyme's active site and undergoes a chemical change. It has a complementary shape to the active site.
How can enzymes be denatured?
How can enzymes be denatured?
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How do digestive enzymes differ in the stomach and small intestine?
How do digestive enzymes differ in the stomach and small intestine?
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Study Notes
Enzymes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts
- Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
- Enzymes are needed because they help different molecules in the body function (e.g., digestive system)
- The active site of an enzyme is where the substrate fits; it is highly specific
- The substrate has a complementary shape to the active site
- The substrate combines with the enzyme's active site and undergoes a change
- The enzyme and substrate have kinetic energy
- Enzymes are denatured by high temperature and pH
Biomolecules and Enzymes
- Carbohydrates provide the most energy
- Starch, reducing sugars, proteins are biomolecules
- Indicators for testing these include iodine, Benedict's reagent, ethanol, and biuret reagent
Testing for Biomolecules
- Starch: Iodine solution
- Positive result: Amber to blue/black
- Negative result: Remains amber
- Reducing sugars: Benedict's reagent
- Positive result: Blue to orange/red/green
- Negative result: Remains blue
- Proteins: Biuret reagent
- Positive result: Blue to purple/violet
- Negative result: Remains blue
- Lipids (fats): Ethanol
- Positive result: Cloudy white emulsion
- Negative result: No cloudy white emulsion
Energy release
- Energy released from food
- 100 x 4.2 x temperature increase = energy released
- Energy = volume of water x rise in temperature x 4.2
- Mass of seed x 100
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