Enzyme Catalysis and Genetic Code Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does Eukaryote mean in Greek?

  • Protein synthesis
  • True nucleus (correct)
  • Lipid production
  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • Which type of organisms can be single-celled or multicellular?

  • Eukaryotes (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Prokaryotes
  • Lipids
  • What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on earth?

  • Geothermal energy
  • Light from the sun (correct)
  • Chemical reactions
  • Radioactive decay
  • What type of organisms use light energy to synthesize carbohydrates?

    <p>Photosynthetic organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a spontaneous reaction, what is the trend of free energy (ΔG)?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction will not occur unless energy is supplied from an external source?

    <p>Endergonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is favored in exothermic reactions?

    <p>&quot;Energy release&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Exergonic" reactions are synonymous with which term?

    <p>&quot;Energy releasing&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Endothermic" reactions are NOT favored due to:

    <p>&quot;Energy absorption&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Activation Energy often denoted as?

    <p>EA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the nucleotide sequence in nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence in proteins known as?

    <p>Genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA?

    <p>Thomas R Chech and Sidney Altman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ribozymes refer to in the context of biological macromolecules?

    <p>Catalytic RNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key biological distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'prokaryote' mean in Greek derivation?

    <p>'Before the nucleus'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms include bacteria and archaea?

    <p>Prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is RNA's role in some viruses according to many scientists?

    <p>Catalyzing self-processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hairpin ribozyme' catalyzes which processes?

    <p>Self-cleavage and joining (ligation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Catalytic activity' is most commonly associated with which biological molecules?

    <p>(Proteins) amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a functional group in biochemistry?

    <p>An atom or group of atoms that exhibit characteristic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biomolecule is derived from monosaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in living cells?

    <p>Structural support and enzymatic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomolecule is responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage and insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of biological macromolecule?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the building blocks of proteins?

    <p><em>Amino acids</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an example of which type of biomolecule?

    <p><em>Nucleic acids</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms a bond with the phosphorus atom of the free nucleotide closest to the 5' oxygen atom in nucleic acids?

    <p>3'-OH of ribose ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the directionality in macromolecules?

    <p>Starch and cellulose have α-C1toC4 linkages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomolecule class displays catalytic activity?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In biological macromolecules, what does the C-terminus refer to?

    <p>The end with N-terminus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of bond joins two nucleotides in nucleic acids?

    <p>Phosphodiester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which linkage is found in cellulose but not in starch?

    <p>βC1toC4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a nucleotide forms a bond with a neighboring nucleotide in nucleic acids?

    <p>5'-OH of ribose ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ser-Val-Tyr-Cys' is different from 'Cys-Tyr-Val-Ser' due to:

    <p>'Ser' being at the N-terminus in one and C-terminus in the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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