Biomolecules and Central Dogma Quiz

Molecules found naturally in living organisms, often obtained from food, and crucial for maintenance and metabolic processes.

The most versatile element in life's functions, found in all biomolecules.

Large molecules consisting of thousands of covalently linked atoms. Examples include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

A process where two monomers join together, releasing a water molecule.

A process where polymers are broken down into monomers by adding a water molecule.

The basic building blocks of polymers. These smaller units join together to form larger chains.

The process of joining monomers together to form a polymer chain. It involves the removal of a water molecule.

The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information from: DNA to RNA to Protein.

Carbohydrates are large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio, forming long chains of sugar units.

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, containing 3-7 carbon atoms and acting as reducing sugars.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed by linking many monosaccharide units together. They serve as energy storage and structural components.

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of 2-9 monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. They include disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides.

Lipids are hydrophobic molecules, meaning they don't dissolve in water. They are mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with some oxygen.

Saturated lipids have all single bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature. Excess saturated fats can clog arteries.

Unsaturated lipids have at least one double bond between carbon atoms, making them liquid at room temperature. They are generally considered healthier than saturated fats.

Proteins are large, complex molecules made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are crucial for many biological functions.

The covalent bond that links nucleotides together in a DNA or RNA strand. Involves a 5' phosphate group of one nucleotide bonding to the 3' hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide.

The process of creating a new strand of DNA from a template strand using complementary base pairing. Ensures each new DNA molecule has one original and one newly synthesized strand.

The process where DNA is copied to produce RNA. This plays a key role in protein synthesis as it carries the instructions from DNA to ribosomes.

In RNA, the nitrogenous base Adenine pairs with Uracil, not Thymine.

The sugar in RNA is ribose, which has an extra hydroxyl group compared to deoxyribose, the sugar in DNA.

The linear sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Polypeptide folding into an alpha helix or beta sheet arrangement.

The three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide chain.

Association of two or more folded polypeptides to form a multi-meric protein.

The building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

A double helix structure made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and bases on the inside. This structure is crucial for storing and transmitting genetic information.

The process of how nucleotides pair up in DNA: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

The amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T) in the DNA of a cell, and the amount of guanine (G) is equal to the amount of cytosine (C).