module 2 - proteins

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories of macromolecules found in the body?

  • Nucleic acids (correct)
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

What is the chemical composition of amino acids?

  • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and potassium
  • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (correct)
  • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
  • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

What are the forces that influence the four hierarchical levels of protein structure?

  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • All of the above (correct)

What is protein denaturation?

<p>The alteration of protein structure and loss of function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind protein electrophoresis?

<p>Separation of proteins based on charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an enzyme?

<p>A type of protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical composition of carbohydrates?

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the properties of lipids related to fatty acid composition?

<p>The degree of saturation of fatty acids determines the solubility of lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?

<p>Nucleotides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant organic molecule in cells?

<p>Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that different side chains can give amino acids?

<p>Sulfur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between two amino acids during the formation of proteins?

<p>Covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure refers to the overall 3-dimensional folding of the polypeptide chain?

<p>Tertiary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of secondary structure is formed when hydrogen bonds form between amino acids that are 4 amino acids away on the same polypeptide chain?

<p>Alpha-helix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure refers to the interaction of two or more polypeptides to form a larger protein?

<p>Quaternary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of proteins is often water-soluble with ionic groups on the outside and hydrophobic pockets on the inside?

<p>Globular proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of proteins is water-insoluble and usually functions in a structural capacity?

<p>Fibrous proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the loss of the normal three-dimensional structure of a protein?

<p>Denaturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force can disrupt the structure of proteins by disrupting hydrogen bonds?

<p>Chemical forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

<p>The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agents disrupt hydrophobic interactions?

<p>Acetone, alcohol, urea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is denaturation bad?

<p>It changes the structure of proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agents disrupt electrostatic interactions?

<p>Acetone, alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rapid identification of individuals with sickle cell anemia achieved through?

<p>Protein electrophoresis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are enzymes?

<p>Neutral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of HbA in protein electrophoresis?

<p>Negatively charged (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of HbS in protein electrophoresis?

<p>Neutral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of individual enzymes important for?

<p>Their function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the migration of proteins in the electric field affected by?

<p>Mutation at specific amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is mutated in sickle cell anemia?

<p>6th amino acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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