30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories of macromolecules found in the body?
Nucleic acids
What is the chemical composition of amino acids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
What are the forces that influence the four hierarchical levels of protein structure?
All of the above
What is protein denaturation?
The alteration of protein structure and loss of function
What is the principle behind protein electrophoresis?
Separation of proteins based on charge
What is an enzyme?
A type of protein
What is the chemical composition of carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus
How are the properties of lipids related to fatty acid composition?
The degree of saturation of fatty acids determines the solubility of lipids
What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the most abundant organic molecule in cells?
Proteins
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that different side chains can give amino acids?
Sulfur
What type of bond is formed between two amino acids during the formation of proteins?
Covalent bond
Which level of protein structure refers to the overall 3-dimensional folding of the polypeptide chain?
Tertiary structure
What type of secondary structure is formed when hydrogen bonds form between amino acids that are 4 amino acids away on the same polypeptide chain?
Alpha-helix
Which level of protein structure refers to the interaction of two or more polypeptides to form a larger protein?
Quaternary structure
Which class of proteins is often water-soluble with ionic groups on the outside and hydrophobic pockets on the inside?
Globular proteins
Which class of proteins is water-insoluble and usually functions in a structural capacity?
Fibrous proteins
What is the term used to describe the loss of the normal three-dimensional structure of a protein?
Denaturation
What type of force can disrupt the structure of proteins by disrupting hydrogen bonds?
Chemical forces
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain
Which agents disrupt hydrophobic interactions?
Acetone, alcohol, urea
Why is denaturation bad?
It changes the structure of proteins
Which agents disrupt electrostatic interactions?
Acetone, alcohol
What is the rapid identification of individuals with sickle cell anemia achieved through?
Protein electrophoresis
What type of proteins are enzymes?
Neutral
What is the charge of HbA in protein electrophoresis?
Negatively charged
What is the charge of HbS in protein electrophoresis?
Neutral
What is the structure of individual enzymes important for?
Their function
What is the migration of proteins in the electric field affected by?
Mutation at specific amino acids
Which amino acid is mutated in sickle cell anemia?
6th amino acid
Test your knowledge on the categories of macromolecules found in the body, the chemical composition of amino acids, and the hierarchical levels of protein structure. This quiz is designed for students studying biomedical chemistry and lab diagnostics.
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