Biomechanics & Surgery: Muscle Structure and Contraction

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What is the typical range of muscle cross-sectional area force production capacity?

0.4-0.5 N/mm²

0.3-0.4 N/mm² (correct)

0.2-0.3 N/mm²

0.1-0.2 N/mm²

How does the direction of muscle contraction affect torque production?

The direction of contraction has no effect on torque production.

Concentric contraction produces the highest torque, followed by isometric and then eccentric.

Eccentric contraction produces the highest torque, followed by isometric and then concentric. (correct)

Isometric contraction produces the highest torque, followed by eccentric and then concentric.

How does the speed of muscle contraction affect torque production for concentric contractions?

Faster contraction speeds produce higher torque.

Contraction speed has no effect on torque production for concentric contractions.

Slower contraction speeds produce higher torque. (correct)

Torque production is maximized at an intermediate contraction speed.

How does the speed of muscle contraction affect torque production for eccentric contractions?

Faster contraction speeds produce higher torque. Signup and view all the answers

How does the position of the joint affect muscle torque production?

Muscle torque is affected by both the muscle length (length-tension relationship) and the bone orientation (lever arm). Signup and view all the answers

How do the roles of muscles differ between textbook descriptions and real-world situations?

In real-world situations, muscles may act as agonists, antagonists, or synergists, while textbook descriptions focus on a single muscle action. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of muscles?

To produce force and joint movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the distal attachment point of a muscle?

Insertion Signup and view all the answers

What is a bi-articular muscle?

A muscle that crosses and moves two joints in the same direction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a muscle's ability to produce force?

Muscle color Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a muscle's tendon?

To attach the muscle to a bone Signup and view all the answers

How can an understanding of muscle architecture and function be applied?

To optimize an individual's athletic performance Signup and view all the answers

What are bi-articular muscles primarily used for?

Energy transfer between joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Ankle plantarflexion Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle architecture feature increases the number of muscle fibers that can be packed into a given volume?

A high pennation angle Signup and view all the answers

What does a low fiber length to muscle length ratio indicate about a muscle's function?

High force generation capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mono-articular muscle?

Quadriceps Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pennation angle in muscle architecture?

Increase the number of muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

In muscle mechanics, what does a low FL/ML Ratio indicate?

Higher force production Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction is associated with a FL/ML Ratio of 0.6?

Eccentric contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing force production in mono-articular muscles?

Fiber orientation Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle architecture characteristic affects the number of muscle fibers that can be packed into a given volume?

Pennate structure with a 30° angle Signup and view all the answers

How does a bi-articular muscle contribute to energy transfer between joints?

By acting on two or more joints simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip extension?

Hamstrings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the number of cross-bridges attached to actin filaments and muscle contraction force?

The greater the number of cross-bridges attached, the larger the contraction force. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the frequency of stimuli from the motor neuron and the tension produced in a muscle fiber?

If the frequency of stimuli is rapid enough, a tetanic response of the fibers results, producing sustained tension. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscular contraction generates the greatest force when the muscle is maximally stimulated?

Eccentric contraction Signup and view all the answers

In the context of muscle contraction, what is the primary function of an agonist muscle?

To initiate and perform the primary movement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a tonic muscle contraction and a phasic muscle contraction?

Tonic contractions are sustained, while phasic contractions are brief and intense. Signup and view all the answers

How does muscle fiber length influence the force production capacity of a muscle?

The relationship between muscle fiber length and force production capacity is non-linear and depends on other factors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor that influences a muscle's ability to produce force?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for the activation of a tonic or stability muscle?

Maintaining posture and joint stability Signup and view all the answers

How does muscle length affect its ability to produce force?

Muscle force production is maximized at an optimal length Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an agonist muscle during a movement?

To produce the main force and movement of the joint Signup and view all the answers

How do phasic or mobility muscles differ from tonic or stability muscles?

Both b and c Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a synergist muscle during a movement?

To provide a similar action to the agonist and assist it Signup and view all the answers

Biomechanics & Surgery: Muscle Structure and Contraction

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical range of muscle cross-sectional area force production capacity?

How does the direction of muscle contraction affect torque production?

How does the speed of muscle contraction affect torque production for concentric contractions?

How does the speed of muscle contraction affect torque production for eccentric contractions?

How does the position of the joint affect muscle torque production?

How do the roles of muscles differ between textbook descriptions and real-world situations?

What is the primary function of muscles?

Which of the following terms refers to the distal attachment point of a muscle?

What is a bi-articular muscle?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a muscle's ability to produce force?

What is the purpose of a muscle's tendon?

How can an understanding of muscle architecture and function be applied?

What are bi-articular muscles primarily used for?

What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Which muscle architecture feature increases the number of muscle fibers that can be packed into a given volume?

What does a low fiber length to muscle length ratio indicate about a muscle's function?

Which of the following is a mono-articular muscle?

What is the primary function of the pennation angle in muscle architecture?

In muscle mechanics, what does a low FL/ML Ratio indicate?

Which type of muscle contraction is associated with a FL/ML Ratio of 0.6?

What is the primary factor influencing force production in mono-articular muscles?

Which muscle architecture characteristic affects the number of muscle fibers that can be packed into a given volume?

How does a bi-articular muscle contribute to energy transfer between joints?

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip extension?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the number of cross-bridges attached to actin filaments and muscle contraction force?

What is the relationship between the frequency of stimuli from the motor neuron and the tension produced in a muscle fiber?

Which type of muscular contraction generates the greatest force when the muscle is maximally stimulated?

In the context of muscle contraction, what is the primary function of an agonist muscle?

What is the difference between a tonic muscle contraction and a phasic muscle contraction?

How does muscle fiber length influence the force production capacity of a muscle?

Which of the following is a key factor that influences a muscle's ability to produce force?

What is the primary stimulus for the activation of a tonic or stability muscle?

How does muscle length affect its ability to produce force?

What is the primary function of an agonist muscle during a movement?

How do phasic or mobility muscles differ from tonic or stability muscles?

What is the primary role of a synergist muscle during a movement?

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