Biomechanics & Surgery: Muscle Structure and Contraction
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical range of muscle cross-sectional area force production capacity?

  • 0.4-0.5 N/mm²
  • 0.3-0.4 N/mm² (correct)
  • 0.2-0.3 N/mm²
  • 0.1-0.2 N/mm²

    • How does the direction of muscle contraction affect torque production?

  • The direction of contraction has no effect on torque production.
  • Concentric contraction produces the highest torque, followed by isometric and then eccentric.
  • Eccentric contraction produces the highest torque, followed by isometric and then concentric. (correct)
  • Isometric contraction produces the highest torque, followed by eccentric and then concentric.

    • How does the speed of muscle contraction affect torque production for concentric contractions?

  • Faster contraction speeds produce higher torque.
  • Contraction speed has no effect on torque production for concentric contractions.
  • Slower contraction speeds produce higher torque. (correct)
  • Torque production is maximized at an intermediate contraction speed.

    • How does the speed of muscle contraction affect torque production for eccentric contractions?

    <p>Faster contraction speeds produce higher torque.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the position of the joint affect muscle torque production?

    <p>Muscle torque is affected by both the muscle length (length-tension relationship) and the bone orientation (lever arm).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the roles of muscles differ between textbook descriptions and real-world situations?

    <p>In real-world situations, muscles may act as agonists, antagonists, or synergists, while textbook descriptions focus on a single muscle action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of muscles?

    <p>To produce force and joint movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the distal attachment point of a muscle?

    <p>Insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bi-articular muscle?

    <p>A muscle that crosses and moves two joints in the same direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a muscle's ability to produce force?

    <p>Muscle color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a muscle's tendon?

    <p>To attach the muscle to a bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an understanding of muscle architecture and function be applied?

    <p>To optimize an individual's athletic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bi-articular muscles primarily used for?

    <p>Energy transfer between joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius muscle?

    <p>Ankle plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle architecture feature increases the number of muscle fibers that can be packed into a given volume?

    <p>A high pennation angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low fiber length to muscle length ratio indicate about a muscle's function?

    <p>High force generation capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mono-articular muscle?

    <p>Quadriceps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pennation angle in muscle architecture?

    <p>Increase the number of muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In muscle mechanics, what does a low FL/ML Ratio indicate?

    <p>Higher force production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle contraction is associated with a FL/ML Ratio of 0.6?

    <p>Eccentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing force production in mono-articular muscles?

    <p>Fiber orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle architecture characteristic affects the number of muscle fibers that can be packed into a given volume?

    <p>Pennate structure with a 30° angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a bi-articular muscle contribute to energy transfer between joints?

    <p>By acting on two or more joints simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip extension?

    <p>Hamstrings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the number of cross-bridges attached to actin filaments and muscle contraction force?

    <p>The greater the number of cross-bridges attached, the larger the contraction force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the frequency of stimuli from the motor neuron and the tension produced in a muscle fiber?

    <p>If the frequency of stimuli is rapid enough, a tetanic response of the fibers results, producing sustained tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscular contraction generates the greatest force when the muscle is maximally stimulated?

    <p>Eccentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of muscle contraction, what is the primary function of an agonist muscle?

    <p>To initiate and perform the primary movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a tonic muscle contraction and a phasic muscle contraction?

    <p>Tonic contractions are sustained, while phasic contractions are brief and intense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does muscle fiber length influence the force production capacity of a muscle?

    <p>The relationship between muscle fiber length and force production capacity is non-linear and depends on other factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor that influences a muscle's ability to produce force?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the activation of a tonic or stability muscle?

    <p>Maintaining posture and joint stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does muscle length affect its ability to produce force?

    <p>Muscle force production is maximized at an optimal length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an agonist muscle during a movement?

    <p>To produce the main force and movement of the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do phasic or mobility muscles differ from tonic or stability muscles?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a synergist muscle during a movement?

    <p>To provide a similar action to the agonist and assist it</p> Signup and view all the answers

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