Biology Vocabulary Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Selective Breeding?

The application of technological processes on living organisms

The continued breeding of organisms with different characteristics

Allowing only those organisms with desired characteristics to breed (correct)

A cross of two individual organisms

What does Hybridization produce?

An offspring with the best characteristics of both organisms

Inbreeding refers to the breeding of organisms with diverse characteristics.

False

What is Biotechnology?

The application of technological processes on living organisms Signup and view all the answers

What does Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) do?

Makes many copies of a particular gene Signup and view all the answers

What is Recombinant DNA?

DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources Signup and view all the answers

What is a Plasmid?

Small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What does Transgenic refer to?

An organism that contains genes from other organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is a Clone?

Member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell Signup and view all the answers

What is Gene Therapy?

A process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is DNA Microarray used for?

To detect and measure the expression of thousands of genes at one time Signup and view all the answers

What is DNA Fingerprinting?

Tool used to analyze an individual's unique collection of DNA restriction fragments Signup and view all the answers

What does Forensics study?

The scientific study of crime scene evidence Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Selective Breeding

Selective breeding involves mating organisms with desirable traits to enhance those characteristics in future generations.

Hybridization

Hybridization creates offspring that inherit beneficial traits from two different parent organisms, aiming for optimal characteristics.

Inbreeding

Inbreeding refers to the mating of similar organisms, which can amplify certain traits but also increase the risk of genetic disorders.

Biotechnology

Biotechnology applies technological techniques to manipulate living organisms and biological systems for various applications in fields such as medicine and agriculture.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

PCR is a powerful technique for amplifying specific DNA segments, allowing scientists to obtain numerous copies from a small initial sample.

Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA technology combines genetic material from different sources, enabling researchers to produce organisms with new traits.

Plasmid

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in many bacteria, used in biotechnology for gene cloning and manipulation.

Transgenic

Transgenic organisms possess genes from different species, created through genetic engineering to introduce new traits or improve existing ones.

Clone

A clone is a genetically identical entity produced from a single parent cell, often used in research and agriculture for replicating desirable traits.

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a medical approach that alters genes to treat or prevent diseases, often replacing faulty genes with functional ones.

DNA Microarray

DNA microarrays consist of thousands of DNA fragments arranged on a chip, facilitating the measurement of gene expression across many genes simultaneously.

DNA Fingerprinting

DNA fingerprinting analyzes unique patterns in an individual's DNA, serving as a critical tool for identifying genetic relationships and forensic investigations.

Forensics

Forensics encompasses the scientific examination of crime scene evidence, applying biological techniques to solve legal cases and establish facts.

Description

This quiz contains flashcards focusing on key terms in biology related to breeding techniques and biotechnology. Each card includes a word and its definition, providing a clear understanding of concepts such as selective breeding, hybridization, inbreeding, and biotechnology. Test your knowledge and enhance your vocabulary in the field of biology!