Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the principle behind the concept of 'survival of the fittest'?
What is the principle behind the concept of 'survival of the fittest'?
- The smartest species will outlive others
- The organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce (correct)
- The strongest species will dominate others
- The slowest species will eventually become extinct
What is an example of a characteristic that allows deer to survive better?
What is an example of a characteristic that allows deer to survive better?
- The ability to run faster for longer (correct)
- The ability to change skin color
- The ability to camouflage
- The ability to talk
What happens to the slower deer in the example?
What happens to the slower deer in the example?
- They learn to run faster
- They reproduce more often
- They get caught more often by predators (correct)
- They catch more prey
What is the reason for the increase in dark-coloured moths after the Industrial Revolution?
What is the reason for the increase in dark-coloured moths after the Industrial Revolution?
Why do you think there were originally only a few dark-coloured moths?
Why do you think there were originally only a few dark-coloured moths?
What is the main concept behind natural selection?
What is the main concept behind natural selection?
What is the main reason why the light-coloured moths started to increase again?
What is the main reason why the light-coloured moths started to increase again?
What is the main idea of variation within a species?
What is the main idea of variation within a species?
What is the result of natural selection over time?
What is the result of natural selection over time?
Why do the deer with the faster running speed have a higher chance of survival?
Why do the deer with the faster running speed have a higher chance of survival?
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Study Notes
Variation Within a Species
- A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
- All people belong to the same species, Homo sapiens.
- Variation exists within a species, and it refers to the differences between living organisms of the same species.
- Inherited characteristics, such as height and tongue-rolling, contribute to variation amongst humans.
Environmental Influence
- Animals are adapted to their environment, and individuals with characteristics that make them more successful at surviving will reproduce more and pass on their characteristics to their offspring.
- Environmental changes over time require species to adapt to survive, and if they do not adapt, they may not survive and the species may die out.
- Variation is necessary for species to adapt to their environment.
Classification
- Dogs belong to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, and class Mammalia.
- Characteristics such as body shape, size, and special features are used to classify organisms.
- Variation within a species does not affect its classification.
How Variation Occurs
- Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are different from the parent organisms, resulting in variation.
- Variation occurs within a species, and even offspring from the same parents can have differences.
Inheritance in Humans
- Certain traits are passed down from generation to generation, from parent organisms to their offspring, through inheritance.
- Traits such as skin colour, height, and tongue-rolling are examples of inherited characteristics.
Natural Selection
- The principle of natural selection refers to the survival of organisms that are best adapted to their environment, leading to the passing on of advantageous characteristics.
- Organisms that are not well adapted to their environment are less likely to survive and reproduce, resulting in the removal of disadvantageous characteristics over time.
- Natural selection is a key mechanism for species to adapt to their environment.
Peppered Moths
- The peppered moths' camouflage helps them hide from predators.
- The dark-coloured moths increased in number after the Industrial Revolution due to the darkening of tree trunks, making them better adapted to their environment.
- The increase in light-coloured moths after improved environmental standards is an example of adaptation to a changing environment.
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