Biology: Variation Within a Species
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Questions and Answers

What is the principle behind the concept of 'survival of the fittest'?

  • The smartest species will outlive others
  • The organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce (correct)
  • The strongest species will dominate others
  • The slowest species will eventually become extinct

    • What is an example of a characteristic that allows deer to survive better?

  • The ability to run faster for longer (correct)
  • The ability to change skin color
  • The ability to camouflage
  • The ability to talk

    • What happens to the slower deer in the example?

  • They learn to run faster
  • They reproduce more often
  • They get caught more often by predators (correct)
  • They catch more prey

    • What is the reason for the increase in dark-coloured moths after the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>The increase in pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do you think there were originally only a few dark-coloured moths?

    <p>Because they were not well adapted to their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept behind natural selection?

    <p>The survival of the fittest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the light-coloured moths started to increase again?

    <p>Because the environment became cleaner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of variation within a species?

    <p>There are small differences between individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of natural selection over time?

    <p>The characteristics that are advantageous are passed on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the deer with the faster running speed have a higher chance of survival?

    <p>Because they can escape predators more often</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Variation Within a Species

    • A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
    • All people belong to the same species, Homo sapiens.
    • Variation exists within a species, and it refers to the differences between living organisms of the same species.
    • Inherited characteristics, such as height and tongue-rolling, contribute to variation amongst humans.

    Environmental Influence

    • Animals are adapted to their environment, and individuals with characteristics that make them more successful at surviving will reproduce more and pass on their characteristics to their offspring.
    • Environmental changes over time require species to adapt to survive, and if they do not adapt, they may not survive and the species may die out.
    • Variation is necessary for species to adapt to their environment.

    Classification

    • Dogs belong to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, and class Mammalia.
    • Characteristics such as body shape, size, and special features are used to classify organisms.
    • Variation within a species does not affect its classification.

    How Variation Occurs

    • Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are different from the parent organisms, resulting in variation.
    • Variation occurs within a species, and even offspring from the same parents can have differences.

    Inheritance in Humans

    • Certain traits are passed down from generation to generation, from parent organisms to their offspring, through inheritance.
    • Traits such as skin colour, height, and tongue-rolling are examples of inherited characteristics.

    Natural Selection

    • The principle of natural selection refers to the survival of organisms that are best adapted to their environment, leading to the passing on of advantageous characteristics.
    • Organisms that are not well adapted to their environment are less likely to survive and reproduce, resulting in the removal of disadvantageous characteristics over time.
    • Natural selection is a key mechanism for species to adapt to their environment.

    Peppered Moths

    • The peppered moths' camouflage helps them hide from predators.
    • The dark-coloured moths increased in number after the Industrial Revolution due to the darkening of tree trunks, making them better adapted to their environment.
    • The increase in light-coloured moths after improved environmental standards is an example of adaptation to a changing environment.

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    Description

    Learn about variation within a species, how individuals of the same species can reproduce, and the differences between living organisms of the same species.

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