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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason why genetic variation is essential for the survival of species?
What is the primary reason why genetic variation is essential for the survival of species?
What is a major disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
What is a major disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction?
What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction?
During which stage of meiosis do the chromosomes separate and become individual?
During which stage of meiosis do the chromosomes separate and become individual?
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What is the term for the process of meiosis that occurs in the ovaries?
What is the term for the process of meiosis that occurs in the ovaries?
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What is the term for the random alignment of homologous pairs during Meiosis I?
What is the term for the random alignment of homologous pairs during Meiosis I?
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What is the outcome of crossing over during meiosis?
What is the outcome of crossing over during meiosis?
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What is a change in the genetic material referred to as?
What is a change in the genetic material referred to as?
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Study Notes
Genetic Variation and Survival
- Genetic variation is crucial for the survival of species on Earth as it allows populations to adapt to changing conditions and prevents extinction.
Types of Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction requires only one individual to produce offspring and is often seen in simple organisms like bacteria and protists.
- Advantages of asexual reproduction include rapid reproduction, no need to find a mate, and no need to care for offspring.
- Disadvantages of asexual reproduction include no genetic diversity, inability to adapt to changing conditions easily, and proneness to extinction.
- Sexual reproduction requires two individuals to produce offspring and provides genetic diversity, reducing the chance of extinction.
- Advantages of sexual reproduction include genetic diversity and reduced extinction risk.
- Disadvantages of sexual reproduction include energy expenditure to find a mate, slower reproduction rate, and uncertainty of reproduction.
Meiosis
- Meiosis produces haploid gametes (egg and sperm in humans) through Interphase, Meiosis I, and Meiosis II.
- Meiosis I produces two haploid cells with attached sister chromatids.
- Meiosis II produces four haploid cells.
- Only cells in human ovaries and testes undergo meiosis.
- Meiosis for sperm production is called spermatogenesis, while meiosis for egg production is called oogenesis.
- Oogenesis produces only one large egg cell.
Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
- Meiosis causes genetic diversity in two ways: independent assortment and crossing over.
- Independent assortment allows for random alignment of homologous pairs during Meiosis I, resulting in many variations.
- Crossing over involves the exchange of parts between homologous pairs, allowing for an infinite number of new combinations.
Meiosis and Mutations
- A mutation is a change in genetic material that can occur during meiosis and be passed on to offspring.
- Mutations can occur at the chromosome or gene level.
- Nondisjunction is a type of chromosome mutation where chromosomes fail to separate during Meiosis, resulting in egg or sperm with incorrect chromosome numbers.
- Nondisjunction can lead to genetic syndromes depending on the affected chromosome.
- Mutations can also occur in the DNA code at the gene level, which will be discussed further in the next unit.
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Description
This quiz covers the importance of genetic variation for species survival and the different types of reproduction, including asexual reproduction and its advantages and disadvantages.
