Biology Unit 5: Population Genetics
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Questions and Answers

What do allele frequencies refer to in a population?

  • The number of genes individuals have
  • The number of alleles for a particular gene
  • The type of traits individuals express
  • How common alleles for a gene are in a population (correct)

    • What is required for the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be applicable?

  • Trait advantages and small population
  • Asexual reproduction and one allele
  • Migration and mutation
  • Sexual population with two alleles and clear generations (correct)

    • What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state about allele and genotype frequencies?

  • They remain constant when assumptions are satisfied (correct)
  • They depend on the type of gene
  • They are influenced by the environment
  • They change over time

    • What is the frequency of the recessive allele in a snapdragon population with 568 red, 48 white, and 384 pink individuals?

    <p>0.24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of plants that produce yellow seeds if the frequency of the yellow allele is 0.72 in a population in H-W equilibrium?

    <p>51.84%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle in population genetics?

    <p>It states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant when assumptions are satisfied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for changes in allele frequencies when new populations arise?

    <p>Founder effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely have the greatest impact on the genetic diversity of a population?

    <p>A small population of 18 individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios is an example of the bottleneck effect?

    <p>A severe storm reduces a population of 1000 individuals to 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely reason for the high rate of Huntington's disease among descendants of the Dutch settlers in South Africa?

    <p>Founder effect due to the small size of the initial population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an individual to have fertile offspring relative to other individuals?

    <p>Fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a necessary condition for natural selection to occur?

    <p>Genetic variation in the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic explanation for the brown color of a reindeer's hair?

    <p>Brown is dominant to white.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the Hardy-Weinberg model be applied to the combined population of reindeer?

    <p>The migration of the populations disturbs the equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of q in the first population of reindeer?

    <p>0.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prezygotic barrier that results in reproductive isolation for the Monterey and bishop pines?

    <p>Temporal isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prezygotic barrier that results in reproductive isolation for the African savannah and forest elephants?

    <p>Habitat isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prezygotic barrier that results in reproductive isolation for the Pacific and Caribbean species of snapping shrimp?

    <p>Geographic isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reproductive barrier present between the gray treefrog and the southern gray treefrog?

    <p>Gametic isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species concept would classify the gray treefrog and the southern gray treefrog as the same species?

    <p>Morphological species concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that leads to changes in allele frequencies of a population over time?

    <p>Selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe traits that are found in a population due to selection?

    <p>Adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'survival of the fittest' mean in biology?

    <p>The process of natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the offspring of two different species that are unable to reproduce?

    <p>Hybrid sterility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines fitness in organisms?

    <p>The number of fertile offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do the birds in the phylogenetic tree form a monophyletic group?

    <p>Yes, because they share a common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why reptiles, as traditionally defined, are not a monophyletic group?

    <p>Because birds are not considered reptiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is the smiling terrapin more closely related to?

    <p>A kakapo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is used to determine if a trait is homologous or analogous?

    <p>The parsimony principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely explanation for a trait found in salamanders and lizards but not in other animals on the phylogenetic tree?

    <p>The trait is inherited from a common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

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