Biology Unit 5: Population Genetics

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What do allele frequencies refer to in a population?

The number of genes individuals have

The number of alleles for a particular gene

The type of traits individuals express

How common alleles for a gene are in a population (correct)

What is required for the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be applicable?

Trait advantages and small population

Asexual reproduction and one allele

Migration and mutation

Sexual population with two alleles and clear generations (correct)

What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state about allele and genotype frequencies?

They remain constant when assumptions are satisfied (correct)

They depend on the type of gene

They are influenced by the environment

They change over time

What is the frequency of the recessive allele in a snapdragon population with 568 red, 48 white, and 384 pink individuals?

0.24 Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of plants that produce yellow seeds if the frequency of the yellow allele is 0.72 in a population in H-W equilibrium?

51.84% Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle in population genetics?

It states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant when assumptions are satisfied Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for changes in allele frequencies when new populations arise?

Founder effect Signup and view all the answers

What would likely have the greatest impact on the genetic diversity of a population?

A small population of 18 individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the bottleneck effect?

A severe storm reduces a population of 1000 individuals to 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for the high rate of Huntington's disease among descendants of the Dutch settlers in South Africa?

Founder effect due to the small size of the initial population Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of an individual to have fertile offspring relative to other individuals?

Fitness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a necessary condition for natural selection to occur?

Genetic variation in the population Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic explanation for the brown color of a reindeer's hair?

Brown is dominant to white. Signup and view all the answers

Why can't the Hardy-Weinberg model be applied to the combined population of reindeer?

The migration of the populations disturbs the equilibrium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of q in the first population of reindeer?

0.4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the prezygotic barrier that results in reproductive isolation for the Monterey and bishop pines?

Temporal isolation Signup and view all the answers

What is the prezygotic barrier that results in reproductive isolation for the African savannah and forest elephants?

Habitat isolation Signup and view all the answers

What is the prezygotic barrier that results in reproductive isolation for the Pacific and Caribbean species of snapping shrimp?

Geographic isolation Signup and view all the answers

What is the reproductive barrier present between the gray treefrog and the southern gray treefrog?

Gametic isolation Signup and view all the answers

Which species concept would classify the gray treefrog and the southern gray treefrog as the same species?

Morphological species concept Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that leads to changes in allele frequencies of a population over time?

Selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe traits that are found in a population due to selection?

Adaptations Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'survival of the fittest' mean in biology?

The process of natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the offspring of two different species that are unable to reproduce?

Hybrid sterility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines fitness in organisms?

The number of fertile offspring Signup and view all the answers

Do the birds in the phylogenetic tree form a monophyletic group?

Yes, because they share a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why reptiles, as traditionally defined, are not a monophyletic group?

Because birds are not considered reptiles Signup and view all the answers

Which species is the smiling terrapin more closely related to?

A kakapo Signup and view all the answers

What principle is used to determine if a trait is homologous or analogous?

The parsimony principle Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely explanation for a trait found in salamanders and lizards but not in other animals on the phylogenetic tree?

The trait is inherited from a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers