Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is transcription in prokaryotic cells?
What is transcription in prokaryotic cells?
Is initiated at a promoter and uses only one strand of DNA (the template strand) to synthesize a complementary RNA strand.
Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is false?
Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is false?
Translation of messenger RNA into protein occurs in a ________ direction, and from the _______ terminus to the ________ terminus.
Translation of messenger RNA into protein occurs in a ________ direction, and from the _______ terminus to the ________ terminus.
5'-to-3'; N; C
How many different possible amino acids could be specified if codons were read two bases at a time instead of three?
How many different possible amino acids could be specified if codons were read two bases at a time instead of three?
Signup and view all the answers
Translate the following mRNA: 3'-GAUGGUUUUAAAGUA-5'.
Translate the following mRNA: 3'-GAUGGUUUUAAAGUA-5'.
Signup and view all the answers
What would happen if a mutation changed the second codon of the resulting mRNA from UGG to UAG?
What would happen if a mutation changed the second codon of the resulting mRNA from UGG to UAG?
Signup and view all the answers
What would the amino acid sequence be if the synthetic RNA 5'-AUAUAUAUAUAU-3' were added to the test tube for translation?
What would the amino acid sequence be if the synthetic RNA 5'-AUAUAUAUAUAU-3' were added to the test tube for translation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the tRNA base-pairs with the codon in the mRNA?
Which part of the tRNA base-pairs with the codon in the mRNA?
Signup and view all the answers
Peptidyl transferase is an?
Peptidyl transferase is an?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required for termination of translation?
What is required for termination of translation?
Signup and view all the answers
If the DNA encoding a nuclear signal sequence were placed in the gene for a cytoplasmic protein, what would happen?
If the DNA encoding a nuclear signal sequence were placed in the gene for a cytoplasmic protein, what would happen?
Signup and view all the answers
The central dogma of molecular biology states that _____ is transcribed into _____, which is (are) translated into ______.
The central dogma of molecular biology states that _____ is transcribed into _____, which is (are) translated into ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A gene product can be?
A gene product can be?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA?
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect will a mutation have if a spliceosome cannot remove one of the introns in a gene?
What effect will a mutation have if a spliceosome cannot remove one of the introns in a gene?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Transcription in Prokaryotic Cells
- Transcription begins at the promoter region of DNA.
- Only one strand of DNA, known as the template strand, is used to synthesize RNA.
RNA Polymerase
- RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA in the 5'-to-3' direction.
- It reads the DNA strand in the opposite direction, which is 3'-to-5'.
Translation Direction
- Translation of mRNA into protein occurs in the 5'-to-3' direction.
- The process moves from the N-terminus to the C-terminus of the protein.
Codon Reading
- If codons were read in pairs of two bases instead of three, a total of 16 different amino acids could be specified.
mRNA Translation Example
- Translating the mRNA sequence 3'-GAUGGUUUUAAAGUA-5' yields the amino acid sequence NH2 met--lys--phe--trp--stop COOH.
Mutation Impact
- A mutation changing the second codon from UGG to UAG results in translation termination at that codon, halting protein production.
Synthetic RNA Experiment
- The synthetic RNA sequence 5'-AUAUAUAUAUAU-3' signifies the start of the amino acid sequence at the 5' end.
tRNA Function
- The anticodon present in tRNA is responsible for base-pairing with the corresponding codon in mRNA.
Peptidyl Transferase
- Peptidyl transferase plays a critical role in peptide bond formation during translation.
Termination of Translation
- Termination requires a stop codon at the A site of the ribosome, peptide transferase activity, and a release factor.
Nuclear Signal Sequence
- If a nuclear signal sequence is incorporated into a gene for a cytoplasmic protein, the protein will be directed to the nucleus.
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- The central dogma establishes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.
Gene Products
- A gene product can take various forms, including proteins and RNA molecules.
RNA Synthesis
- The enzyme responsible for catalyzing RNA synthesis is RNA polymerase.
Spliceosome Mutation Effect
- If a spliceosome fails to remove an intron from a gene, translation continues but results in a nonfunctional protein.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on transcription and translation processes in prokaryotic cells with these flashcards. Each card includes key terms and definitions that are essential for understanding RNA synthesis and the role of RNA polymerase. Perfect for students studying molecular biology.
