Biology Unit 3 Flashcards

A cladogram shows relationships between multiple organisms by showing what each organism has in common with others and finding the common ancestor.

Anatomical homology is a similarity in structures and bones of species due to common ancestry. Examples include the one, two, many bone structures in several mammals and hand bones in monkeys and humans.

The fossil record can provide evidence of common ancestry in organisms by looking at bone structures and comparing them between organisms.

<p>Embryology provides evidence for how organisms are related because it shows how organisms are similar during early developmental stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular homology is the similarities in species DNA, RNA, and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similarities that are able to be found in organisms that show they are related are similar bone structures, similar embryos, and similar DNA patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cladogram is a diagram that shows the relationships between organisms and their ancestors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cladogram could help scientists see what happened throughout evolution to change populations over time and what organisms evolved from in the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drawbacks may include difficulties if the organisms are very different and don't have similarities to compare, missing links in ancestry, and not being specific enough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A homologous structure is a similar structure in a group of organisms caused by a common ancestor. Examples include the similar forelimb structure in mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The similarities in early embryonic development point to common ancestry because they all have the same anatomical structures during their stage one embryo form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental homologies are the similarities between animals during the early embryo stages, studied by looking at the similarities in embryo formations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chordates are a category of animals who are mostly vertebrates. All chordates have a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, postanal tail, and pharyngeal slits at some stage of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms with similar genetic sequences are likely to have similar protein configurations because they will have the same DNA and RNA to form the proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interdependence is when the species depends on the environment and the other organisms around them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three advantages that help organisms survive are morphological, physiological, and behavioral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, it is not always positive because some environmental changes will affect where populations live and if they survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People have planted many trees in the great plains that have helped crows and barred owls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptation is the selective pressures that affect the species' survival and reproductive rates, leading to organisms better suited for their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divergent evolution is when new species diverge, or separate, from previous species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three initiators of divergent evolution are overcoming competition, adapting to niches, and neutral evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent evolution is when species have similar traits but do not have common ancestors. Examples include the hooves of horses and cows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speciation occurs when populations are separated (geographical isolation) and occurs when no specific extrinsic barrier gene flow (reproductive isolation).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extinction occurs when many organisms in a species continually die off, and 99.9% of all once living things are now extinct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A causal relationship is when the environmental change caused the change in the species. An example is how sediment in lakes affects the fish and organisms living there.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(1) The potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers