Biology Unit 1.1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a branch of biology that deals specifically with the study of plants?

  • Botany (correct)
  • Microbiology
  • Physiology
  • Zoology
  • What is the primary difference between living and non-living things?

  • Living things consume food, while non-living things do not.
  • Living things can move, while non-living things cannot.
  • Living things carry out life processes, while non-living things do not. (correct)
  • Living things have a defined shape, while non-living things do not.
  • Living things are made of organic matter, while non-living things are not.
  • Which of the following is an example of inorganic matter?

  • Rocks (correct)
  • Petroleum
  • Wood
  • Feces
  • What is the name of the exam component that involves practical activities and experiments?

    <p>Paper III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation PSBAT stand for in the context of the objectives mentioned in Unit 1.1?

    <p>Pupils should be able to (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic shared between humans and plants?

    <p>Ability to reproduce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of biology mentioned in the text?

    <p>Astrophysics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the provided content, what is the primary focus of Unit 1.1?

    <p>Studying the environment and the organisms within it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth is primarily used for cutting and biting food?

    <p>Incisors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of canines in mammals?

    <p>Tearing food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutritional deficiency disease is associated with a lack of vitamin C?

    <p>Scurvy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is NOT part of a balanced diet?

    <p>Sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the dental formula of herbivores characterized?

    <p>More molars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dentition primarily concerned with?

    <p>Type and arrangement of teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency disease is a person likely to suffer from due to a lack of calcium?

    <p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of teeth are primarily designed for grinding food?

    <p>Molars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nerve tissue?

    <p>Conducting electrical impulses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is xylem tissue specialized for its function?

    <p>It conducts water and dissolved minerals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does adipose tissue play in the body?

    <p>Energy storage and insulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue in plants is primarily involved in the transport of manufactured food?

    <p>Phloem tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is primarily involved in digestion?

    <p>The stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a system in biological terms?

    <p>A group of organs performing inter-related functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is NOT mentioned as one of the main tissues in plants?

    <p>Connective tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in plants is responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>The leaf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of amylase in saliva?

    <p>To break down starch into maltose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to amylase when it is boiled?

    <p>It is denatured and loses its function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance in saliva is identified as a protein?

    <p>Amylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the experiment investigating the effects of temperature on enzymes, what was the temperature of the water bath used?

    <p>36°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main observation expected when testing for starch after adding amylase at room temperature?

    <p>No starch is present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is used for testing proteins in saliva?

    <p>Biuret reagent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was used to stimulate the release of saliva in the enzyme investigation?

    <p>Chewing a piece of rubber (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the experiment involving saliva be performed alone?

    <p>To prevent the sharing of saliva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

    <p>Providing energy for cellular processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deficiency in which mineral leads to the development of rickets, especially in infants?

    <p>Calcium (Ca) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of roughage in the human digestive system?

    <p>Stimulating peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following food sources is NOT a good source of iron?

    <p>Milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of iodine in the human body?

    <p>Synthesizing thyroid hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deficiency in nitrogen can lead to problems with the development of which of the following?

    <p>Hair and nails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color indicates the presence of starch when conducting an iodine test?

    <p>Blue-black (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a good source of calcium?

    <p>Onion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these animals belongs to the phylum Annelida?

    <p>Earthworm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organisms belong to the kingdom Protista?

    <p>Green algae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organisms are described as eukaryotic heterotrophs?

    <p>Fungi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum contains organisms with a hard exoskeleton and jointed limbs?

    <p>Arthropoda (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes organisms in the kingdom Monera from the kingdom Protista?

    <p>Presence of a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is shared by all living organisms in the kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Protista?

    <p>They are all eukaryotes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes animals with a soft body, a hard shell, and are not segmented?

    <p>Mollusca (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kingdom contains organisms that are generally saprophytes or parasites and have cell walls made of chitin?

    <p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Biology

    The study of living things and their characteristics.

    Branches of Biology

    Different specialized fields within biology, such as Botany and Zoology.

    Living Organisms

    Entities that exhibit life processes, such as growth and reproduction.

    Non-living Things

    Entities that do not exhibit life processes.

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    Matter

    Anything that occupies space and has mass, including living and non-living things.

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    Organic Matter

    Material that comes from living beings or was once alive.

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    Inorganic Matter

    Material that has never been alive, such as air and metals.

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    Characteristics of Living Things

    Common features that define living organisms, like respiration and growth.

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    Amylase

    An enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose.

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    Starch

    A complex carbohydrate that amylase works on.

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    Maltose

    A sugar produced from the breakdown of starch by amylase.

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    Denaturation

    A process where proteins lose their structure and function.

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    Biuret Test

    A test used to detect proteins in a sample.

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    Effect of temperature on enzymes

    Enzymes can be affected by temperature, causing denaturation.

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    Saliva

    A fluid in the mouth containing amylase and mucus.

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    Iodine Test

    A test used to identify the presence of starch.

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    Platyhelminthes

    Phylum of flat-bodied animals, often called flatworms.

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    Annelida

    Phylum including segmented worms like earthworms and leeches.

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    Nematoda

    Phylum of round worms, including hookworms and roundworms.

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    Mollusca

    Soft-bodied animals, often with shells, like snails and octopuses.

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    Arthropoda

    Phylum with hard exoskeletons and jointed limbs, including insects.

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    Chordata

    Phylum including all vertebrates like mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish.

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    Fungi Kingdom

    Kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms, often decomposers.

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    Monera

    Kingdom of unicellular organisms without a nucleus, includes bacteria.

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    Nerve Tissue

    Tissue made of nerve cells conducting electrical impulses.

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    Adipose Tissue

    Fat tissue important for energy storage and insulation.

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    Palisade Tissue

    Photosynthetic tissue in plants made of elongated cells.

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    Xylem Tissue

    Tissue in plants that conducts water and minerals.

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    Phloem Tissue

    Tissue that transports food from leaves to other plant parts.

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    Organ

    Structure made of different tissues performing a specific function.

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    System

    Group of organs working together for related functions.

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    Organism

    Independent individual made of systems working together.

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    Calcium (Ca)

    A mineral needed for strong bones and teeth, muscle function, and nerve transmission.

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    Iron (Fe)

    A mineral essential for forming hemoglobin in red blood cells, preventing anemia.

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    Iodine (I)

    A mineral required for thyroxine hormone production, crucial for metabolism.

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    Nitrogen (N)

    A key component for making proteins, hair, nails, and muscles.

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    Roughage (fibre)

    Indigestible part of plant foods that aids in digestion by promoting peristalsis.

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    Food Tests

    Practical examinations to identify nutrients like fats, proteins, and sugars in food.

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    Iodine test for starch

    A procedure using iodine to detect starch; blue-black indicates presence.

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    Balanced Diet

    A balanced diet contains all essential nutrients in appropriate amounts.

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    Seven Food Nutrients

    The seven nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water.

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    Nutritional Deficiency Diseases

    Diseases caused by insufficient nutrients in the diet.

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    Calcium Deficiency Disease

    A lack of calcium can lead to osteoporosis or rickets in children.

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    Vitamin A Deficiency Disease

    Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness.

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    Protein Deficiency Disease

    Insufficient protein can lead to kwashiorkor, characterized by a swollen abdomen.

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    Types of Teeth

    There are four types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

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    Dentition

    Dentition is the study of the type and arrangement of teeth in mammals.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Biology for Grade Ten

    • Biology is a branch of science that studies living things.
    • In grade nine, students studied environmental science, which is now divided into three subjects: Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.
    • Biology includes sub-disciplines like Botany (plants), Zoology (animals), Physiology (functions), Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Geology, Virology, and more.
    • The course will explore various interesting aspects of animals and plants.
    • The final assessment will comprise three papers: two theory papers (I & II) and one practical paper (III).

    Unit 1.1: Living and Non-Living Things

    • Living things (e.g., animals, plants) are differentiated from non-living things (e.g., rocks, metals) by their characteristics.
    • Living and non-living things are both made of matter that occupies space and has mass.
    • Key characteristics of living things include:
      • Reproduction
      • Movement
      • Growth
      • Feeding
      • Respiration
      • Excretion
      • Sensitivity (irritability or reacting to stimuli)

    Unit 1.1: Processes in Living Organisms

    • Reproduction: The process of producing offspring.
    • Different organisms use sexual or asexual reproduction.
    • Movement: Many organisms move from one place to another, while plants grow.
    • Growth: An increase in size and/or number of cells.
    • Feeding: Organisms obtain materials and energy from their environment.
    • Respiration: The process of releasing energy from food.
    • Excretion: Removal of waste products from the body.
    • Sensitivity (Irritability): The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.

    Unit 1.2: Cells

    • Cells are the basic functional units of life in all living organisms
    • Microscopes (such as hand lenses and compound microscopes) are used to observe cells.
    • Different types of microscopes have different magnifying powers.
    • Cells contain components (organelles) that perform specific functions. These organelles include the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi bodies.

    Unit 1.2: Common Cell Structures

    • Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Selectively permeable.
    • Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance inside the cell that contains organelles. Active site for metabolic reactions.
    • Nucleus: Controls the activities of the cell. Contains DNA.
    • Mitochondria: Sites of cellular respiration, where energy is released from food.
    • Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum: A network of channels that transports materials within the cell.
    • Golgi bodies: Modifies and packages proteins and other materials for transport.
    • Cell Wall: (Plant cells only) Provides support and protection to the cell. Rigid structure.
    • Vacuoles: Storage organelles, especially for water. (More prominent in plant cells)
    • Chloroplasts: (Plant cells only) Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

    Unit 1.2: Cell Specialisation

    • Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized for particular functions.
    • Different cell types like blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, etc, have unique structures to perform their specific functions.

    Unit 1.3: Cell Organisation

    • Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a specific function.
    • Organs are structures formed by the combination of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.
    • Systems are groups of organs working together to carry out a wide range of functions.
    • Examples of tissues and organs.
      • Muscle Tissue
      • Nerve tissue
      • Adipose tissue
      • Pallisade tissue
      • Xylem tissue
      • Phloem tissue
    • The order of complexity : Cell < Tissue < Organ < Organ System < Organism

    Unit 1.4: Diffusion and Osmosis

    • Diffusion: The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
    • Osmosis is the specific type of diffusion where only water molecules move from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
    • Factors influencing the rate of diffusion include:
      • Temperature
      • Surface area
      • Concentration gradient
      • Thickness of the membrane
    • Osmosis influences the shape and functioning of plant and animal cells in solutions that have different concentrations of water.

    Unit 1.5: Enzymes

    • Enzymes: Biological catalysts; increase the rate of metabolic reactions; are proteins; are specific to a particular reaction; work best at an optimum temperature and pH.
    • Factors affecting enzyme activity
    • Temperature
    • pH
    • Substrate Concentration and/or substrate availability

    Unit 1.6: Classification

    • Classification: The organisation of living things into groups and subgroups based on their similarities and differences in structure and function. Uses a hierarchy of groups.
    • Kingdom: The largest grouping of organisms.
    • Phylum: A grouping within a kingdom.
    • Class: A grouping within a phylum.
    • Order: A grouping within a class.
    • Family: A grouping within an order.
    • Genus: A grouping within a family.
    • Species: The smallest grouping of organisms.
    • Naming of organisms: Uses the binomial (two-name) system of nomenclature (e.g., Homo sapiens).

    Unit 2.1: Classification of Nutrients

    • Nutrients: Substances in food needed for the body's growth, development, and energy production
    • Types of nutrients
      • Carbohydrates
      • Proteins
      • Fats
      • Vitamins
      • Minerals
      • Water and roughage

    Unit 2.2: Dentition

    • Dentition: The study of teeth in mammals; their types (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars); and their arrangement in the jaw.
    • Each kind of teeth performs a particular function. Different types of teeth perform different functions.
    • Dental formulae illustrate the number of each different kind of teeth in a mammal (used for classification)

    Unit 2.3: Animal Nutrition

    • Holozoic Nutrition: The method of taking in complex organic molecules by animals.
    • The process of holozoic nutrition includes: ingestion, digestion absorption, and egestion.
    • The digestive system is a tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus.
    • Parts of the digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus.

    Unit 2.4: Plant Nutrition

    • Photosynthesis: The process of plant food manufacture; a complex two-part process involving light-dependent reactions and the subsequent dark reaction. Requires specific components (chlorophyll, water, minerals).
    • Environmental factors affecting photosynthesis include light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, water availability.
    • Testing for starch in leaves can verify the presence of photosynthesis.

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