Plant and Animal Cells Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Xylem in plants?

  • Provides structural support
  • Transports sugars from the leaves
  • Stores food and waste
  • Conducts water and minerals from roots (correct)

Which organelles are unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?

  • Cell Wall and Chloroplasts (correct)
  • Mitochondria and Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm and Cell Membrane
  • Vacuoles and Nucleus

What process in plants primarily involves the evaporation of water from leaves?

  • Translocation
  • Diffusion
  • Respiration
  • Transpiration (correct)

What are the waste products commonly produced by living organisms?

<p>Urine, Feces, and Carbon Dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water behave when it encounters a higher concentration of salt or sugar?

<p>It dilutes the salt or sugar concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vacuoles in plant and animal cells?

<p>Store food and waste products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT one of the main traits of living things?

<p>Formulate hypotheses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Phloem transport within the plant?

<p>Sugars manufactured in leaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

<p>To support the body and bind different tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is NOT part of properly viewing a slide under a microscope?

<p>Adjust the diaphragm first (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the circulatory system?

<p>Lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do capillaries facilitate the exchange of gases and nutrients?

<p>They are made of one cell layer thick tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes multicellular organisms from unicellular organisms in terms of their environment functioning?

<p>Multicellular organisms have multiple cells functioning together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what order does food pass through the digestive organs?

<p>Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the respiratory system?

<p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in arteries helps to regulate blood flow?

<p>Thick muscular layer that expands and contracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to diffusion rates of food coloring in water as the temperature increases?

<p>Diffusion becomes faster (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily differentiates osmosis from diffusion?

<p>Only water particles move in osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is osmosis vital for cell survival?

<p>It regulates the cell's volume and concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about diffusion?

<p>Diffusion requires energy input (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the movement of water in osmosis?

<p>Water moves from higher to lower concentration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane is required for osmosis to occur?

<p>Semipermeable membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates diffusion?

<p>Perfume scent filling a room (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During osmosis, what happens if the outside solution is saltier than the cell's interior?

<p>Water diffuses out of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diffusion occur in comparison to osmosis?

<p>Diffusion can occur in any medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force driving the movement of particles in diffusion?

<p>Concentration differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT characterize osmosis?

<p>It involves solute particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does turgor pressure play in osmosis?

<p>It opposes water movement into cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is accurate?

<p>It seeks equilibrium within a medium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant root hairs utilize osmosis?

<p>To absorb water from the soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What does Xylem do?

The tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Semi-permeable membrane

A membrane that allows only small particles to pass through.

Permeable membrane

A membrane that allows all particles to pass through.

What are the 6 (sometimes 7) characteristics of living things?

The living things we know have cells, adaptations, reproduce, grow, need energy, respond to their environment, and produce waste.

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Which organelles are only in plant cells and why?

Cell Wall: Provides structural support and rigidity to plant cells. Chloroplasts: Perform photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy.

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Organ

A group of similar tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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Organ system

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

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What is Diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Think of diffusion like a crowd wanting to spread out.

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What happens to tree roots after a heavy rain?

They absorb more water from the soil to compensate for the water lost through transpiration (evaporation).

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Organism

A group of organ systems working together to form a complete living being.

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Oxygen transport

The process by which blood carries oxygen to all parts of the body.

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What is transpiration?

The process of water evaporating from the leaves of plants. It's like plants releasing water vapor into the air.

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How does water move in diffusion with salt or sugar?

Water moves from an area of high concentration (like pure water) to an area of lower concentration (like a salt or sugar solution).

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Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

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Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

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What does Phloem do?

The tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves (either down or up) to the rest of the plant.

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Diffusion

The movement of particles from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

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Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

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Concentration

The concentration of a substance in a given volume.

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Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure exerted by a fluid against a surface.

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Turgor Pressure

The pressure exerted by the cell wall against the contents of a plant cell.

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Passive Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without requiring energy from the cell.

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Nucleus

The organelle that is responsible for controlling all cell activities.

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Mitochondria

The organelle that is responsible for producing energy for the cell.

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Ribosomes

The organelle that is responsible for synthesizing proteins.

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Vacuole

The organelle that is responsible for storing food, waste, and other substances.

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Chloroplast

The organelle that is responsible for photosynthesis.

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Cell Membrane

The thin outer layer of a cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

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Cell Wall

The rigid outer layer of a plant cell that provides support and protection.

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Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance that fills the inside of the cell.

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Study Notes

Xylem Function

  • Transports water and minerals absorbed by root cells upwards to all plant cells.

Characteristics of Living Things

  • Cells
  • Adaptations
  • Reproduction
  • Growth (development)
  • Energy
  • Response to environment
  • Waste production

Plant vs. Animal Cell Organelles

  • Cell Membrane: Present in both plant and animal cells.
  • Cell Wall: Present only in plant cells. Provides rigid structure.
  • Cytoplasm: Present in both plant and animal cells. Distributes materials.
  • Nucleus: Present in both plant and animal cells. Controls cell activities.
  • Mitochondria: Present in both plant and animal cells. Cellular energy production.
  • Chloroplast: Present only in plant cells. Site of photosynthesis.
  • Vacuoles: Present in both plant and animal cells. Plant cells have one large vacuole, animal cells have many small ones. Storage for food and waste.
  • Ribosomes: Present in both plant and animal cells. Build proteins.

Waste Products

  • Urine
  • Feces
  • Carbon dioxide

Phloem Function

  • Transports sugars produced in leaves to other parts of the plant.

Diffusion Examples

  • Chlorine disinfecting a pool
  • Perfume spreading in a room
  • Food coloring in water
  • Air freshener in a room
  • Smelling paint chemicals after opening a can

Root Function During Heavy Rain

  • Roots would have abundant water from soaked soil.

Transpiration

  • Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plant leaves.
  • Wilting and shriveling occur when water evaporates from plants.

Diffusion of Sugar and Salt

  • Cannot fit directly through a semipermeable membrane.
  • Water diffuses across the membrane toward the higher concentration of sugar or salt to dilute it.

Diffusion Demonstration

  • Food coloring in water diffuses faster in warm water, slower in cool water.
  • The color spreads because of the random movement of water molecules.

Osmosis

  • Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
  • Water moves from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration.

Osmosis Rule

  • Water moves from high water concentration to low water concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Factors Affecting Osmosis

  • Salt "sucks" water (draws water out of the cell, causing cell shrinkage).
  • Fresh water causes cell swelling.

Diffusion vs. Osmosis

  • Diffusion: Movement of any substance from higher to lower concentration.
  • Osmosis: Specific type of diffusion; movement of water through a semipermeable membrane.

Organelles (structure, function)

OrganelleStructureFunctionCell MembraneThin line around cellProtective barrier ; controlled gatewayCell WallRigid frame-like coveringSupport and protection for plant cellsCytoplasmLiquid with bitsDistributes materialsNucleusDark, spherical structureControls cell activities; command centerVacuolesClear, liquid filled spacesStorage (food, waste)ChloroplastsGreenish structuresPhotosynthesisMitochondriaSmall circular structuresEnergy production; powerhouseRibosomesPresent in both plant and animal cells. Small organelles that build proteinsBuild proteins; "protein builders"

Microscope Parts and Procedure

  • Course adjustment: Large knob.

  • Fine adjustment: Small knob.

  • Stage: Holds the slide.

  • Diaphragm: Controls light.

  • Objective lenses: Magnify the image.

  • Ocular lens: Eyepiece.

  • Plug in microscope

  • Place slide on stage

  • Adjust coarse adjustment to find basic image

  • Sharpen focus with fine adjustment

Semi-permeable/Permeable Membranes

  • Semi-permeable membrane: Allows some particles pass through.
  • Permeable membrane: Allows all particles to pass through.

Levels of Organization (smallest to largest)

Organelles -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organisms.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental differences and similarities between plant and animal cells, along with the characteristics of living things. Focused on cell organelles, this assessment also touches on vital processes such as waste production and energy utilization. Test your understanding of cell biology and plant functions!

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