Biology: Transcription, Translation, and Types of Gene Mutations
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for the process of translation?

  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Nucleolus
  • Ribosomes (correct)

    • What type of genetic mutation occurs when a section of a DNA sequence detaches and rejoins in the opposite orientation?

  • Duplication
  • Inversion (correct)
  • Deletion
  • Substitution

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic mutation?

  • Translocation
  • Fragmentation (correct)
  • Addition
  • Substitution

    • What is the process by which the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is translated into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence?

    <p>Addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the process of transcription?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

    <p>Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait?

    <p>Dominant traits are represented by capital letters and are always expressed, while recessive traits are represented by lowercase letters and are only expressed when there are no dominant alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is used to guide the synthesis of a protein called?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic mutation?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

    <p>RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

    <p>Two complementary polynucleotide chains coiled into a double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?

    <p>DNA replicates in a semi-conservative manner, where each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the information in DNA is used to produce a functional protein?

    <p>Transcription followed by translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about genetic mutations is correct?

    <p>Genetic mutations are changes in the sequence of genes or alterations of base sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the information in a DNA strand is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the central dogma of life, as described in the text?

    <p>From proteins to make new DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of mutations?

    <p>Genetic mutations and chromosomal mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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