Biology: Transcription, Translation, and Types of Gene Mutations
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for the process of translation?

  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Nucleolus
  • Ribosomes (correct)

What type of genetic mutation occurs when a section of a DNA sequence detaches and rejoins in the opposite orientation?

  • Duplication
  • Inversion (correct)
  • Deletion
  • Substitution

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic mutation?

  • Translocation
  • Fragmentation (correct)
  • Addition
  • Substitution

What is the process by which the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is translated into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis?

<p>Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence?

<p>Addition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the process of transcription?

<p>Nucleolus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

<p>Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait?

<p>Dominant traits are represented by capital letters and are always expressed, while recessive traits are represented by lowercase letters and are only expressed when there are no dominant alleles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is used to guide the synthesis of a protein called?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic mutation?

<p>Replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

<p>RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

<p>Two complementary polynucleotide chains coiled into a double helix. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?

<p>DNA replicates in a semi-conservative manner, where each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the information in DNA is used to produce a functional protein?

<p>Transcription followed by translation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about genetic mutations is correct?

<p>Genetic mutations are changes in the sequence of genes or alterations of base sequences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the information in a DNA strand is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>Transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the central dogma of life, as described in the text?

<p>From proteins to make new DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of mutations?

<p>Genetic mutations and chromosomal mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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