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Questions and Answers
What process involves the assembly of nucleotides by RNA polymerase?
Which codon serves as the start signal for protein synthesis?
What is removed during the splicing process of mRNA?
During which stage is mRNA exported to the cytoplasm?
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What are the intermediary molecules that match amino acids to codons in mRNA?
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What is the primary function of the process of translation?
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How many bases are in a triplet codon?
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What do stop codons signal during the translation process?
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Which part of the tRNA is responsible for base-pairing with the mRNA codon?
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What is the function of RNA polymerase in the transcription process?
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Study Notes
Transcription Process
- Transcription is the process where DNA is converted into RNA.
- The DNA code is transcribed into a sequence of codons in messenger RNA (mRNA) within the cytoplasm.
- RNA polymerase is the enzyme that binds to the promoter region to initiate transcription and assembles nucleotides.
Codons and Amino Acids
- Each triplet of mRNA nucleotides (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid.
- The start codon is AUG, which codes for methionine, marking the beginning of protein synthesis.
- Stop codons UAA, UAG, and UGA signal the end of translation.
Splicing
- Splicing is the process that removes non-coding regions (introns) from the pre-mRNA, leaving only the coding segments (exons).
- The mature mRNA, now consisting only of exons, can be translated into a protein.
Stages of Gene Expression
- Transcription (1): Information from DNA is read to produce mRNA.
- Splicing (2): The mRNA is processed to remove introns, producing a shorter, functional strand.
- Translation (3): The mRNA is used as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein.
Translation Process
- Translation occurs in the cytoplasm after mRNA is spliced and exported from the nucleus through nuclear pores.
- Ribosomes bind to the mRNA at the start codon AUG to initiate protein synthesis.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) serves as an intermediary, matching specific amino acids to their corresponding codons in mRNA.
- Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid on one end and has an anticodon on the other end that pairs with the mRNA codon during translation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the processes of transcription and translation in biology. This quiz covers essential concepts such as RNA polymerase function, codon sequences, and splicing of RNA. Match the stages of these processes with their descriptions for a comprehensive understanding.
