Biology Topics Quiz

The basic unit of life, containing specialized structures called organelles that perform specific functions.

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy for growth and development.

The process by which the body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, involving muscles and the respiratory system.

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function, like muscle tissue or nervous tissue.

The controlled growth and division of cells, resulting in the production of new cells.

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water. The amount of bending depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive index of the materials.

The ability of a substance to bend light. It's calculated by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in that substance.

A mirror that curves inward, like the inside of a spoon. It converges incoming light rays, creating a focal point.

A lens that bulges outward, like a magnifying glass. It converges incoming light rays, making objects appear larger.

A lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges, causing light rays to diverge. It can be used to correct nearsightedness.

Chemical bonds are formed when atoms share or transfer electrons to achieve a stable outer electron configuration. This process can involve ionic bonds, where electrons are transferred, or covalent bonds, where electrons are shared.

Ionic bonds occur when one atom loses electrons (becoming a positive ion) and another atom gains those electrons (becoming a negative ion). The opposite charges attract, forming a stable bond.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. This sharing allows both atoms to achieve a more stable outer electron configuration. They can be single, double, or triple bonds, depending on the number of electrons shared.

The conservation of mass states that during a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants (starting materials) always equals the total mass of the products (the substances formed). No mass is created or destroyed, only rearranged.

Balancing chemical equations involves adjusting the coefficients in front of the chemical formulas to ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This ensures that the Law of Conservation of Mass is observed.

A type of cell division that produces two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent.

The process of dividing the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

The stage where chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.

The stage where chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell, with spindle fibers attached to their centromeres.

The stage where sister chromatids separate at the centromere and are pulled toward opposite poles by the shortening spindle fibers.

The stage where chromosomes arrive at the opposite poles of the cell, nuclear envelopes reform, and the mitotic spindle disassembles.

A crucial process for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. It ensures each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

The cell cycle is regulated to prevent uncontrolled cell division, and checkpoints ensure accuracy and proper progression.

Energy that travels in a straight line, can't turn but can bend, made of light particles called 'photons', does not require a medium to move.

The path light takes to reach our eyes.

A group of rays, can be converging, parallel, diverging.

When light goes through a transparent object.

Light absorbed into an object and converted into heat.

Any physical matter energy can be transferred to.

A method of energy transfer, no medium, travels at the speed of light.

Composed of EM waves, moves through empty space but can be absorbed by matter, ROYGBIV (rainbow).

Have distinct weave lengths that determines it's colour.

Small hole in a dark box will create an inverted, smaller, real image.

Makes light by producing heat, produces 80% of heat.

Gives off light without heat.

Absorbs UV light and releases white light.

Phosphor absorbs UV light, stores and releases it slowly (eg. glow in the dark)

Electrical current allows gas particles to release energy as waves of light.

Electrical current that flows through semi-conductor, most efficient light source

Released through chemical reactions (eg. glow sticks).

Chemiluminescence that occurs in animals (jellyfish).

Incoming ray that strikes mirror's surface from object.

Ray that bounces off the surface of a mirror.

Line perpendicular to mirror's surface.

Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection.

Same size, upright, horizontally inverted, virtual.

Flashlights, telescopes, cosmetic mirrors, dental mirrors, car headlights.

Security mirrors, car sideview mirrors, hospital corners, parking garage, school bus front mirrors.

Bends towards the normal, speed decreases, angle of incidence > angle of reflection.

Bends away from normal, speed increases, angle of reflection > angle of incidence.

Separates two substances during refraction.

Angle of incidence that results in angle of refraction to equal 90 degrees, light stays on the boundary.

When angle of incidence > critical angle, reflects back to first medium, lower critical angle means higher chance of TIR.

Speed of medium = speed of light/ speed of light in any medium

Light is refracted from the air to glass surface and refracts again when going from glass to air

Allows light to pass through lens.

Detects light, forms smaller, inverted image in eye.

Changes the speed of light.

Farsightedness; ability to see distance objects but not close behind the retina, light focuses behind the retina, lens is too thin, not bending at a steep enough angle of refraction.

Nearsightedness; able to see nearby objects but not distant, light focuses before reaching retina, lens too thick, not bending at a small enough angle of refraction to form image at retina.

Convex Lens, converges rays to focus light at retina

Concave Lens, diverging rays at the retina.

1. All living things are made of cells, 2. Cells are the smallest unit of life, 3. All cells come from other cells.

Single celled life forms, no nucleus or organelles.

Multicellular life forms, have a nucleus and organelles.

Contains enzymes that breaks down substances such as damaged cells and organelles (Only Animal Cells).

Contain chlorophyll that uses solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar via photosynthesis (Only Plant Cells).

Protective barrier around the cell, semi-permeable; selects what enters and exits the cell.

Jelly-like matrix in the sell, surrounds organelles, contains nutrients and suspends organelles.

Powerhouse of the cell, converts sugar into usable energy through cellular respiration.

Receives proteins from RER, modifies and sorts protein in and out of the cell, located near nucleus.

Energy that travels in a straight line, doesn't require a medium, and is made up of light particles called photons.

The path that light takes to reach our eyes.

A group of light rays that can be converging, parallel, or diverging.

When light passes through a transparent object.

When light bounces off an object.

When light is absorbed by an object and converted into heat.

Any physical matter that energy can be transferred through.

A method of energy transfer that doesn't require a medium and travels at the speed of light.

A form of electromagnetic radiation that we can see, composed of a spectrum of colors.

Waves made up of electric and magnetic fields, which have different wavelengths that correspond to different colors.

A simple camera that uses a small hole to create an inverted, smaller, real image.

A light source that produces light by generating heat, often inefficient.

Giving off light without producing significant heat.

A light source that absorbs UV light and emits visible white light.

A material that absorbs UV light, stores it, and releases it slowly, creating a glow.

A light source where electric current excites gas particles, causing them to emit light waves.

A highly efficient light source where electricity flows through a semiconductor, emitting light.

Light produced through chemical reactions.

Chemiluminescence that occurs in living organisms.

The incoming ray of light that strikes a mirror's surface.

The ray of light that bounces off the surface of a mirror.

A line perpendicular to the surface of a mirror, at the point where the incident ray hits.

The angle of incidence (angle between the incident ray and the normal) is equal to the angle of reflection (angle between the reflected ray and the normal).

Characteristics of an image formed by a plane mirror: same size, upright, horizontally inverted (flipped left to right), virtual (not a real object).

Flashlights, telescopes, cosmetic mirrors, dental mirrors, car headlights.

Security mirrors, car sideview mirrors, hospital corners, parking garage mirrors, school bus front mirrors.

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, caused by a change in the speed of light.

When light bends towards the normal as it passes from a less dense medium to a more dense medium. The speed of light decreases, and the angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence.

When light bends away from the normal as it passes from a more dense medium to a less dense medium. The speed of light increases, and the angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence.

The angle of incidence that results in the angle of refraction being exactly 90 degrees, meaning the light stays on the boundary between the two mediums

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, light completely reflects back into the first medium. This happens when light tries to move from a denser medium to a less dense medium (like from water to air).