Biology: Tissue Types and Nervous System Overview
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Biology: Tissue Types and Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the four types of body tissues?

  • Nervous
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscular
  • All of the above (correct)
  • What is the primary function of connective tissue?

  • Stores energy reserves (correct)
  • Specialized for contraction
  • Carries information in electrical impulses
  • Covers exposed surfaces
  • What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    Brain and spinal cord

    What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

    <p>Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system provides voluntary control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ carries impulses between the spinal cord, chest, abdomen, and extremities.

    <p>spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glial cells?

    <p>Support and protect neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the afferent division of the PNS do?

    <p>Brings information to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the CNS?

    <p>Transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tissue Types

    • Cells are the building blocks of the body
    • Tissues are groups of cells with a specific function
    • Four types of tissue: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
    • Epithelial covers surfaces and lines internal passageways
    • Connective fills spaces, supports other tissues, and transports materials
    • Muscular specializes in contraction and includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles
    • Nervous carries information throughout the body as electrical signals

    Nervous System Overview

    • Nervous System (NS) functions: sensory, integrative, and motor
    • Sensory function involves sensing changes within and outside the body
    • Integrative function analyzes sensory information, stores some, and makes decisions on appropriate behavior
    • Motor function responds to stimuli via muscle contractions or glandular secretions

    NS Divisions

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): cranial and spinal nerves, sensory receptors
    • CNS is protected by bone and meninges, contains neural, connective, and vascular tissue
    • PNS carries information to and from the CNS, made of bundles of axons (nerve fibers)

    CNS Functions

    • Processes and coordinates sensory data from inside and outside the body
    • Coordinates motor commands to control peripheral organs
    • Involved in higher functions like intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion
    • Works at both conscious and subconscious levels, integrating physiology and psychology

    CNS Work Example: Thermoregulation

    • Blood temperature is the stimulus received by the hypothalamus
    • Hypothalamus can respond to changes in temperature outside of the set range
    • Hypothalamus activates either heat-losing or heat-gaining mechanisms

    PNS Components

    • Contains 12 pairs of cranial nerves (except for the vagus nerve) and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
    • Cranial nerves carry impulses between the brain, head, and neck
    • Spinal nerves carry impulses between the spinal cord, chest, abdomen, and extremities

    PNS Divisions

    • Afferent division brings information to the CNS
    • Efferent division carries motor commands to muscles and glands
    • Somatic Nervous System (SNS) provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions
    • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) provides involuntary control over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue
    • ANS has two divisions: parasympathetic and sympathetic, which have antagonistic effects

    PNS Division Examples

    • Somatic Nervous System: consciously raising an arm to drink
    • Autonomic Nervous System: subconsciously controlling heart rate
    • Parasympathetic activity: slowing heart rate, promoting relaxation, digestion, and rest
    • Sympathetic activity: increasing heart rate, preparing the body for action (fight or flight)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of tissue types, including epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues as well as the functions and divisions of the nervous system. Test your understanding of how these systems interact and their roles in the human body.

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