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Biology: The Scientific Method
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Biology: The Scientific Method

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of the scientific method?

  • To observe and describe a phenomenon
  • To identify the cause-and-effect relationship between variables (correct)
  • To disprove a hypothesis
  • To develop a theory
  • What is the term for the condition being measured in an experiment?

  • Control Group
  • Constant
  • Independent Variable
  • Dependent Variable (correct)
  • What is the characteristic of life that involves responding to stimuli?

  • Growth
  • Stimuli (correct)
  • Energy
  • Homeostasis
  • What is the term for an explanation with evidence?

    <p>Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'cause' in an experiment?

    <p>Independent Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of life that involves the organization of cells into tissues and organs?

    <p>Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the experimental group and the control group in an experiment?

    <p>The experimental group receives treatment and the control group does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of data is used to describe the characteristics of something?

    <p>Qualitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the hypothesis in the scientific method?

    <p>To predict the outcome of an experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?

    <p>The body temperature remaining constant despite changes in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the scientific principle that describes the characteristics of life?

    <p>COGHERES</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step of the scientific method involves making a conclusion based on the results of the experiment?

    <p>Conclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Scientific Method

    • Observe: make an observation about the world around you
    • Question: ask a question about what you've observed
    • Hypothesis: propose a possible explanation for what you've observed, in the form of "If IV, then DV"
    • Experiment: design an experiment to test your hypothesis, where:
      • One variable is changed (IV, or independent variable) while everything else remains the same
      • The experimental group receives the treatment, and the control group is used for comparison
      • The IV is the "cause" on the x-axis, and the DV (dependent variable) is the "effect" on the y-axis
      • Constants are factors that remain unchanged throughout the experiment
    • Analysis: examine the data collected during the experiment, which can be:
      • Quantitative: numerical data
      • Qualitative: descriptive data
    • Conclusion: summarize the findings, avoiding the use of "prove" or "disprove"
    • Theory: an explanation supported by evidence
    • Law: a statement of fact without explanation

    Characteristics of Life

    • COGHERES: an acronym to remember the characteristics of life:
      • C: cells (all living things are made of one or more cells)
      • O: organization (cells to tissues to organs to organ systems)
      • G: growth (DNA serves as instructions for growth and development)
      • H: homeostasis (regulating steady internal conditions)
      • E: energy (requires energy from the sun)
      • R: reproduction (species produce their own offspring)
      • E: evolution (changes in species over time)
      • S: stimuli (respond to stimuli)

    The Study of Life

    • Biology is the study of life.

    The Scientific Method

    • The scientific method involves a series of steps to answer a question or solve a problem.
    • The steps are:
      • Observe: make an observation about the world.
      • Question: ask a question about what you have observed.
      • Hypothesis: make an educated guess that answers the question.
      • "If IV...then DV": write the hypothesis in a clear and concise format.
      • Experiment: design an experiment to test the hypothesis.
      • Analysis: analyze the data collected during the experiment.
      • Conclusion: draw a conclusion based on the data analysis.

    Experiment Design

    • In an experiment, everything is controlled except for one variable.
    • The experimental group receives the treatment being tested.
    • The control group is used for comparison.
    • The independent variable (IV) is the condition being tested and is represented on the x-axis.
    • The dependent variable (DV) is the condition being measured and is represented on the y-axis.
    • A constant is a factor that remains unchanged throughout the experiment.

    Data Analysis

    • Quantitative data are numbers.
    • Qualitative data are descriptions.

    Conclusion

    • Avoid using "prove" or "disprove" in your conclusion.
    • A theory is an explanation with evidence.
    • A law is a truth with no explanation.

    Characteristics of Life

    • COGHERES is an acronym that summarizes the characteristics of life:
      • C (cells): all living things are made of one or more cells.
      • O (organization): cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.
      • G (growth): DNA serves as the instructions for growth and development.
      • H (homeostasis): living things regulate their internal conditions to maintain a stable environment.
      • E (energy): living things require energy from the sun.
      • R (reproduce): species produce their own offspring.
      • E (evolve): species change over time.
      • S (stimuli): living things respond to stimuli.

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    Description

    Understand the steps of the scientific method in biology, including observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and analysis, with a focus on variables, data, and experimentation design.

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