Questions and Answers
What is a pedigree?
What is a carrier in genetics?
An individual heterozygous for a specific trait
What is a fetus?
A developing mammal from 9 weeks to birth
What does incomplete dominance refer to?
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What is a codominant allele?
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What does multiple allele mean?
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What are autosomes?
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What is a sex chromosome?
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What is a sex linked trait?
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What does polygenic inheritance mean?
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What is a karyotype?
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Study Notes
Genetic Terms and Concepts
- Pedigree: A visual tool used in genetics to illustrate the inheritance patterns of traits across generations.
- Carrier: An individual with one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait, who does not exhibit the trait but can pass it to offspring.
Development Stages
- Fetus: Refers to a mammal in the developmental stage from the ninth week of gestation until birth.
Inheritance Patterns
- Incomplete Dominance: A genetic scenario where the traits of both homozygous parents blend in the heterozygous offspring, resulting in a new phenotype, with neither allele being completely dominant.
- Codominant Allele: Situation where both alleles from homozygous parents are fully expressed in the offspring, showcasing traits from both parents equally.
- Multiple Allele: Indicates that a single genetic trait can be influenced by more than two alleles, broadening the genetic variability.
Chromosomal Structures
- Autosome: Refers to the pairs of homologous chromosomes found in somatic (non-reproductive) cells, excluding sex chromosomes.
- Sex Chromosome: Human chromosome pair (23rd pair) responsible for determining an individual's sex and carrying genes linked to sexual characteristics.
Genetic Traits and Mechanisms
- Sex Linked Trait: Traits that are governed by genes located on sex chromosomes, often showing differing patterns of inheritance in males and females.
- Polygenic Inheritance: A complex pattern where multiple genes contribute to a single trait, which can exist on the same or various chromosomes, leading to a continuous range of phenotypes.
Karyotyping
- Karyotype: A graphical representation of an organism’s complete set of chromosomes, arranged by size and centromere location, useful for identifying chromosomal abnormalities and aneuploidy.
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Description
Test your knowledge with flashcards on key terms from Chapter 12 of 'Biology: The Dynamics of Life'. This quiz covers important concepts such as pedigree, carrier, fetus, and incomplete dominance. Brush up on your genetics terminology and understanding to ace your biology studies!
