Questions and Answers
What is the definition of Animalia?
What kingdom do unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls without peptidoglycan belong to?
Archaebacteria
What is an autotroph?
An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic substances or from the sun.
Bacteria are multicellular organisms that reproduce by fission.
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What is the capsid?
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What does a cladogram show?
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What classification rank is between Phylum and Order?
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What is classification in biology?
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What is the broadest level of classification in the new system?
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What kingdom includes unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan?
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What defines a eukaryote?
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In biological classification, what is more specific than Order but less than Genus?
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What is the kingdom of heterotrophs that obtain nutrients from dead and decaying matter?
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What do we call a group of organisms with one or more related species?
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What is a heterotroph?
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What describes a host organism?
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What is the term for a viral replication cycle where the virus's nucleic acid is integrated into the host's chromosome?
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What is the main method of viral replication that results in cell destruction?
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What does multicellular refer to?
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What structure houses the cell's genetic information?
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What is the organizational level between Family and Class in biological classification?
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What does phylogeny refer to?
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What is Phylum in the taxonomic hierarchy?
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What is a plant?
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What defines a prokaryote?
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What are protists?
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What is a species?
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What is taxonomy?
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What does unicellular mean?
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What is a virus?
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Study Notes
Classification of Living Organisms
- Animalia: Multicellular organisms capable of locomotion, responsive to the environment, and heterotrophic.
- Archaebacteria: Unicellular prokaryotes without peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
- Eubacteria: Unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
- Fungi: Heterotrophic kingdom that derives energy from decaying organic matter.
- Plants: Organisms that can produce their own food using sunlight.
- Protists: Simple eukaryotes, which can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.
Energy Sources
- Autotrophs: Organisms obtaining energy from inorganic sources or sunlight.
- Heterotrophs: Organisms dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.
Structural and Functional Characteristics
- Capsid: The protein shell enclosing a virus.
- Nucleus: Membrane-bound structure in eukaryotic cells housing genetic material.
- Multicellular vs. Unicellular: Multicellular organisms have specialized cells; unicellular organisms consist of a single cell.
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Domain: The broadest classification rank, superseding kingdoms.
- Kingdom: Second level of classification, contains multiple phyla.
- Phylum: Classification rank below kingdom and above class.
- Class: Ranks between phylum and order.
- Order: Level between family and class.
- Family: A taxonomic group less specific than genus but more than order.
- Genus: A taxonomic category containing one or more related species.
- Species: Groups of reproducing populations isolated from others.
Viral Life Cycles
- Lytic Cycle: Viral reproduction method leading to host cell destruction.
- Lysogenic Cycle: Integration of virus nucleic acid into the host chromosome, replicating with the host cell until activation of the lytic cycle.
Evolutionary Relationships
- Cladogram: Diagram illustrating evolutionary relationships among organisms.
- Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of a particular species or group.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotes: Organisms with genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus, generally unicellular.
- Eukaryotes: Organisms with membrane-bound nuclei containing genetic information.
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Description
Test your knowledge of various biological terms with this set of flashcards for Biology Test 31. Covering definitions from the kingdoms of life to energy sources in organisms, this quiz will enhance your understanding of foundational biology concepts.