Biology Test 31 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Animalia?

A major group of organisms that are generally multicellular, capable of locomotion, responsive to their environment, and feed by consuming other organisms. (correct)

A group of unicellular organisms.

A category of fungi.

A type of plant.

What kingdom do unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls without peptidoglycan belong to?

Archaebacteria

What is an autotroph?

An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic substances or from the sun.

Bacteria are multicellular organisms that reproduce by fission.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the capsid?

The protein shell of a virus. Signup and view all the answers

What does a cladogram show?

The evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What classification rank is between Phylum and Order?

Class Signup and view all the answers

What is classification in biology?

Placing an organism in sets of categories based on its characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the broadest level of classification in the new system?

Domain Signup and view all the answers

What kingdom includes unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls containing peptidoglycan?

Eubacteria Signup and view all the answers

What defines a eukaryote?

Cells where the genetic material is contained in membrane-bound nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

In biological classification, what is more specific than Order but less than Genus?

Family Signup and view all the answers

What is the kingdom of heterotrophs that obtain nutrients from dead and decaying matter?

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a group of organisms with one or more related species?

Genus Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterotroph?

An organism that relies on complex organic substances for nutrition. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a host organism?

An organism that harbors a parasite, mutual partner, or commensal partner. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a viral replication cycle where the virus's nucleic acid is integrated into the host's chromosome?

Lysogenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of viral replication that results in cell destruction?

Lytic Signup and view all the answers

What does multicellular refer to?

Organisms consisting of more than one cell. Signup and view all the answers

What structure houses the cell's genetic information?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the organizational level between Family and Class in biological classification?

Order Signup and view all the answers

What does phylogeny refer to?

The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. Signup and view all the answers

What is Phylum in the taxonomic hierarchy?

The second highest taxonomic classification between kingdom and class. Signup and view all the answers

What is a plant?

Any living thing that obtains energy from sunlight or makes its own food. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a prokaryote?

Organisms where the genetic material is not bound by a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What are protists?

Simple eukaryotes that may be single-cellular, colonial, or multicellular. Signup and view all the answers

What is a species?

Groups of reproducing populations that are isolated from other groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is taxonomy?

The study of grouping and naming organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What does unicellular mean?

Literally, one-celled. Signup and view all the answers

What is a virus?

A microscopic parasite that infects cells in biological organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Living Organisms

Animalia: Multicellular organisms capable of locomotion, responsive to the environment, and heterotrophic.
Archaebacteria: Unicellular prokaryotes without peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Eubacteria: Unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Fungi: Heterotrophic kingdom that derives energy from decaying organic matter.
Plants: Organisms that can produce their own food using sunlight.
Protists: Simple eukaryotes, which can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.

Energy Sources

Autotrophs: Organisms obtaining energy from inorganic sources or sunlight.
Heterotrophs: Organisms dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.

Structural and Functional Characteristics

Capsid: The protein shell enclosing a virus.
Nucleus: Membrane-bound structure in eukaryotic cells housing genetic material.
Multicellular vs. Unicellular: Multicellular organisms have specialized cells; unicellular organisms consist of a single cell.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Domain: The broadest classification rank, superseding kingdoms.
Kingdom: Second level of classification, contains multiple phyla.
Phylum: Classification rank below kingdom and above class.
Class: Ranks between phylum and order.
Order: Level between family and class.
Family: A taxonomic group less specific than genus but more than order.
Genus: A taxonomic category containing one or more related species.
Species: Groups of reproducing populations isolated from others.

Viral Life Cycles

Lytic Cycle: Viral reproduction method leading to host cell destruction.
Lysogenic Cycle: Integration of virus nucleic acid into the host chromosome, replicating with the host cell until activation of the lytic cycle.

Evolutionary Relationships

Cladogram: Diagram illustrating evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of a particular species or group.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes: Organisms with genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus, generally unicellular.
Eukaryotes: Organisms with membrane-bound nuclei containing genetic information.

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Description

Test your knowledge of various biological terms with this set of flashcards for Biology Test 31. Covering definitions from the kingdoms of life to energy sources in organisms, this quiz will enhance your understanding of foundational biology concepts.