Biology Terminology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the aorta?

To filter waste products from the blood

To regulate body temperature

To pump blood throughout the body

To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body (correct)

What is the term for the process by which humans breed specific animals or plants for desired traits?

Adaptation

Artificial Selection (correct)

Natural Selection

Evolution

What is the function of the anus?

To store food

To absorb nutrients from food

To expel waste products from the body (correct)

To produce bile

What is the term for the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem?

Biodiversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for structures in different species that perform a similar function but are not derived from a common ancestor?

Analogous Structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which nutrients from food are taken into the body's cells?

Absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which different kinds of living organisms develop and diversify from earlier forms?

Evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the principle that each generation is slightly different from the previous one, leading to evolution?

Descent with Modification Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the removal of indigestible substances from the body in the form of feces?

Elimination Signup and view all the answers

What is the flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing to prevent food from entering the airways?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by damaged alveoli, leading to difficulty breathing?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the formation and development of an embryo?

Embryology Signup and view all the answers

What is the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation?

Expiratory reserve volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the permanent loss of all members of a species?

Extinction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biology Concepts

Absorption: The process where the body's cells take in nutrients from food.

Respiratory System

Acute bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, usually caused by a viral infection, leading to coughing and mucus production.
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Aorta: The largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Asthma: A chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
Bronchi: The main passageways directly attached to the lungs that conduct air to and from the lungs.
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing difficult.
Ciliated mucosa: The lining of the respiratory tract containing hair-like structures that move mucus and debris out of the lungs.
Cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to thick mucus production.
Emphysema: A chronic lung condition characterized by damaged alveoli, leading to difficulty breathing.

Evolution and Natural Selection

Adaptation: A trait shaped by natural selection that increases an organism's reproductive success.
Alfred Russel Wallace: A naturalist who independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Analogous Structure: Structures in different species that perform a similar function but are not derived from a common ancestor.
Artificial Selection: The process by which humans breed specific animals or plants for desired traits.
Charles Darwin: A naturalist known for his contributions to the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Descent with Modification: The principle that each generation is slightly different from the previous one, leading to evolution.
Evolution: The process by which different kinds of living organisms develop and diversify from earlier forms.
Extinction: The permanent loss of all members of a species.

Digestive System

Anus: The opening at the end of the digestive tract where feces are expelled.
Appendix: A small, tube-like structure attached to the large intestine; its function is not fully understood.
Bile: A digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps break down fats.
Digestion: The process by which food is broken down into absorbable nutrients.
Elimination: The removal of indigestible substances from the body in the form of feces.
Esophagus: The muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, transporting food and liquids.

General Biology

Biogeography: The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Camouflage: An adaptation that allows organisms to blend in with their surroundings to avoid detection.
Capillaries: The smallest blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products occurs.
Carbon dioxide: A waste product of respiration expelled from the body via the lungs.
Embryology/embryonic development: The study of the formation and development of an embryo.
Epiglottis: A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing to prevent food from entering the airways.
Expiration: The process of breathing out air from the lungs.
Expiratory reserve volume: The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation.
External respiration: The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood.
Fossil: The preserved remains or impression of a once-living organism.
Fitness: The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

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Test your knowledge of biological terms, including concepts related to human health, evolution, and anatomy. Identify the correct definitions of various biology terms.