Biology Taxonomy Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is taxonomy?

  • Study of geological formations
  • Discipline of classifying organisms (correct)
  • A method of DNA analysis
  • A system for cellular organization

    • What is binomial nomenclature?

    A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name.

    What does genus refer to in biology?

    Taxonomic group containing one or more species.

    What is a taxon?

    <p>A group of organisms at any level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define family in biological classification.

    <p>A taxonomic group containing one or more genera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an order in biological taxonomy?

    <p>Taxonomic group containing one or more families.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is class in the context of biological taxonomy?

    <p>Taxon containing several orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define phylum.

    <p>Taxon containing several classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a kingdom in biological classification?

    <p>Taxon containing several phyla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phylogeny represent in biology?

    <p>The sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evolutionary classification?

    <p>Method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a derived character?

    <p>Characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cladogram?

    <p>A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms based on shared, derived traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a molecular clock?

    <p>Model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the domain in biological classification?

    <p>A taxonomic category above the kingdom level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines bacteria as a domain?

    <p>Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes eubacteria?

    <p>Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does archaea refer to?

    <p>Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define archaebacteria.

    <p>Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does eukarya encompass?

    <p>Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the kingdom Protista?

    <p>Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines fungi?

    <p>Domain Eukarya; heterotrophic; unicellular/multicellular; asexual/sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the kingdom Plantae?

    <p>Made up of complex, multicellular organisms that usually have cell walls made of cellulose and use sunlight to make sugar by photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the kingdom Animalia?

    <p>Made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls and can usually move around.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all organisms have in common?

    <p>They all have DNA and RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species have scientists been able to identify?

    <p>Around 1.5 million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of similar genes in very dissimilar organisms imply?

    <p>They have a common ancestor through evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the modern taxonomic system?

    <p>Linnaeus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On what basis do scientists organize living things?

    <p>Based on physical similarities and differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do traditional classifications primarily take into account?

    <p>Physical traits and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up a scientific name?

    <p>The genus name followed by the species name.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification and Taxonomy

    • Taxonomy is the discipline focused on classifying organisms and assigning them universally accepted names.
    • Binomial nomenclature consists of a two-word scientific name for organisms, structured as genus followed by species.

    Taxonomic Hierarchy

    • Genus is a taxonomic group that includes one or more species.
    • A taxon is defined as a group of organisms classified at any taxonomic level.
    • Family includes one or more genera, while order encompasses one or more families.
    • Class groups several orders together, and phylum contains multiple classes.
    • Kingdom is the broadest taxonomic category, including several phyla.

    Evolution and Relationships

    • Phylogeny illustrates the evolutionary development sequences of species or taxonomic groups.
    • Evolutionary classification groups organisms by their evolutionary history, reflecting common descent.
    • Derived characters are traits that appear in newer lineage parts, not found in older members.
    • Cladograms represent evolutionary relationships based on shared derived traits.

    Molecular and Taxonomic Models

    • Molecular clocks estimate the duration two species have evolved independently, using DNA comparisons.
    • Domains represent a taxonomic category above kingdoms, categorized into Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

    Domains and Kingdoms

    • Bacteria: A domain of unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
    • Eubacteria is a kingdom within Bacteria, consisting of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls.
    • Archaea are another domain of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan; archaebacteria is the kingdom equivalent.
    • Eukarya includes all organisms with nuclei and is divided into kingdoms:
      • Protista: Eukaryotes not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.
      • Fungi: Heterotrophic organisms, either unicellular or multicellular, reproducing sexually or asexually.
      • Plantae: Complex, multicellular organisms, usually green, with cellulose cell walls, unable to move, using photosynthesis.
      • Animalia: Multicellular organisms without cell walls, capable of movement and responsive to their environment.

    Commonalities and Discoveries

    • All organisms share DNA and RNA as fundamental components.
    • Approximately 1.5 million species have been identified by scientists.
    • Similar genes in vastly different organisms suggest a common ancestor, indicative of evolutionary processes.
    • The modern taxonomic system was developed by Linnaeus, emphasizing physical similarities and differences.
    • Traditional classifications generally focus primarily on physical traits and characteristics.
    • Scientific names consist of the genus name followed by the species name.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of classification and taxonomy in biology with these flashcards. Each card features a term and its definition, helping you understand key concepts such as binomial nomenclature and the genus. Perfect for students studying biological sciences or anyone interested in taxonomy.

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