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Questions and Answers
Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in?
Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in?
- Evolutionary trees
- Molecular clocks
- Cladograms
- Linnaean taxonomy (correct)
Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?
Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?
- Plants
- Protista
- Bacteria (correct)
- Archaea
In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring?
In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring?
- Genus
- Species (correct)
- Order
- Phylum
In the blank cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go on the lines labeled A?
In the blank cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go on the lines labeled A?
In the cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go in the area labeled B?
In the cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go in the area labeled B?
In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called?
In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called?
How many kingdoms are there in the most current taxonomic system?
How many kingdoms are there in the most current taxonomic system?
The modern classification system is mainly based on supposed?
The modern classification system is mainly based on supposed?
Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and?
Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and?
The name Canis lupus is an example of?
The name Canis lupus is an example of?
How many nodes are shown in the cladogram in Figure 17.1?
How many nodes are shown in the cladogram in Figure 17.1?
Which of the following contains the most members?
Which of the following contains the most members?
Which domain contains all organisms that have a nucleus?
Which domain contains all organisms that have a nucleus?
Which of the following is the most specific taxon shared by the ashy-headed goose, Chloephaga poliocephala, and the ruddy-headed goose, Ghloephaga rubidiceps?
Which of the following is the most specific taxon shared by the ashy-headed goose, Chloephaga poliocephala, and the ruddy-headed goose, Ghloephaga rubidiceps?
If two organisms are in the same phylum, what other taxon do they have in common?
If two organisms are in the same phylum, what other taxon do they have in common?
Which of the following is the correctly written scientific name for a red maple tree?
Which of the following is the correctly written scientific name for a red maple tree?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a cladogram?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a cladogram?
What do evolutionary biologists theorize is true about two organisms that supposedly share the same common ancestor?
What do evolutionary biologists theorize is true about two organisms that supposedly share the same common ancestor?
What is a characteristic of organisms in domain Archaea?
What is a characteristic of organisms in domain Archaea?
Which kingdom is not included in domain Eukarya?
Which kingdom is not included in domain Eukarya?
Why are bacteria so difficult to classify at the species level?
Why are bacteria so difficult to classify at the species level?
What is a taxon?
What is a taxon?
What is phylogeny?
What is phylogeny?
What is a cladogram?
What is a cladogram?
What is a derived character?
What is a derived character?
What is a genus?
What is a genus?
What is cladistics?
What is cladistics?
What is a domain?
What is a domain?
What is binomial nomenclature?
What is binomial nomenclature?
What is taxonomy?
What is taxonomy?
What is a dichotomous key?
What is a dichotomous key?
Arrange the following kingdoms by number of classified species (A is lowest number of classified species and D is highest number of classified species):
Arrange the following kingdoms by number of classified species (A is lowest number of classified species and D is highest number of classified species):
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Protista?
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Protista?
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Animalia?
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Animalia?
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Plantae?
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Plantae?
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Fungi?
What are the characteristics of organisms in domain Fungi?
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Study Notes
Taxonomy and Classification
- Organisms are classified using Linnaean taxonomy, based on physical characteristics.
- The most abundant group of organisms on Earth is bacteria.
- In Linnaean classification, a species is defined as a group that can breed and produce offspring.
Cladograms and Their Use
- Derived characters are crucial in cladograms to indicate specific traits shared by clade members.
- Cladograms represent evolutionary relationships and are a common method for creating evolutionary trees.
Historical Context of Classification
- In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were grouped under the kingdom Protista.
- Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into two kingdoms: Bacteria and Archaea.
Modern Taxonomic System
- The current taxonomic system comprises six kingdoms.
- Classification is mostly based on common ancestry, helping define relationships among organisms.
Domains and Kingdoms
- The Eukarya domain includes all organisms with a nucleus.
- Bacteria are the only kingdom not included in the domain Eukarya.
Taxonomic Hierarchy and Relationships
- Genus is the most specific taxon shared by closely related species, such as the ashy-headed goose and the ruddy-headed goose.
- If two organisms belong to the same phylum, they also share the same kingdom.
Scientific Names and Nomenclature
- The scientific name for a red maple tree is correctly written as Acer rubrum, demonstrating the use of binomial nomenclature.
- Taxon refers to any group of organisms within a classification system.
Evolutionary Biology Concepts
- Organisms sharing a common ancestor are believed to belong to the same clade.
- Organisms in the domain Archaea are characterized by their ability to survive in extreme environments.
Challenges in Classification
- Bacteria are challenging to classify at the species level due to their ability to exchange genes, which complicates distinct species definitions.
Key Terms and Definitions
- Phylogeny is the hypothesized evolutionary history for a group of species.
- Cladistics emphasizes classification based on supposed common ancestry.
- Dichotomous keys are tools used for identifying objects or organisms based on shared characteristics.
Overviews of Biological Kingdoms
- Animalia: All members are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and multicellular.
- Plantae: Characterized by eukaryotic cells, autotrophic nutrition, and multicellularity.
- Fungi: Composed of eukaryotic cells, can be unicellular, and are heterotrophic.
- Protista: Mostly unicellular with eukaryotic cells.
Classification by Species Count
- Classified series of kingdoms by species count:
- Fungi: A (lowest)
- Protista: B
- Plantae: C
- Animalia: D (highest).
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