Biology Taxonomy and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What type of classification is based on evolutionary history?

  • Phylogeny
  • Molecular Clock
  • Taxonomy
  • Evolutionary Classification (correct)

    • What is the discipline of classifying and naming organisms called?

    Taxonomy

    What taxon is composed of similar orders?

    Class

    What taxon is composed of similar classes?

    <p>Phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clock estimates how long species have been evolving independently?

    <p>Molecular Clock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kingdom in the Eukarya domain includes single-celled autotrophs?

    <p>Protista</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms called?

    <p>Phylogeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taxon that is higher than the kingdom?

    <p>Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What taxon is composed of similar genera?

    <p>Family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taxon composed of closely related species?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diagram based on derived characters called?

    <p>Cladogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for any level, or category, in a taxonomic system?

    <p>Taxon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What taxon is composed of similar families?

    <p>Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The members of the domain Bacteria and the domain Archaea are similar in that they are all _____ prokaryotes that are either autotrophs or heterotrophs.

    <p>unicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain is the only one that includes organisms with a nucleus in their cells?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two ways that most members of the kingdom Plantae and the kingdom Animalia differ are that Animalia does not have _____ or _____, while Plantae does.

    <p>chloroplasts, cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification system did biologists use to group organisms in a logical manner?

    <p>Classification system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system called where each species is assigned a two-part scientific name?

    <p>Binomial Nomenclature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who came up with the classification system?

    <p>Carolus Linnaeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two kingdoms that Linnaeus came up with?

    <p>Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 7 levels of classification defined by Linnaeus?

    <p>Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when organisms are grouped in categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent?

    <p>Phylogeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shows important similarities at the molecular level?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships?

    <p>Similarities in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six kingdoms of the classification system?

    <p>Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of life?

    <p>Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the domain composed of protists, fungi, plants, and animals?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria?

    <p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Linnaeus base his groupings on?

    <p>Visible similarities and differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is more closely related species part of?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all members of a genus share?

    <p>Recent common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The higher the level of taxon, ______ the common ancestor of all the organisms in the taxon.

    <p>the farther back in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause organisms that appear very similar to not share a recent common ancestor?

    <p>Natural selection operating on species in similar ecological environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What identifies only new characteristics that arise as lineages evolve over time?

    <p>Cladistic Analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members?

    <p>Derived characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps scientists understand how one lineage branched from another in the course of evolution?

    <p>Cladograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What show many surprising similarities among very diverse organisms?

    <p>Similar genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a protein that is present in both humans and yeast?

    <p>Myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The more similar the DNA sequences of two species, the more recently they shared a _____ common ancestor.

    <p>common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The more two species have diverged from one another, the less similar their _____ will be.

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates Bacteria from Archaea?

    <p>Presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the domain that is unicellular and prokaryotic with thick, rigid cell walls?

    <p>Domain Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the domain that is unicellular and prokaryotic, can only survive in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Domain Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are eukaryotes that can be either heterotrophs or autotrophs but display the greatest variety?

    <p>Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are eukaryotes that can be either heterotrophs or autotrophs, either unicellular or multicellular that feed off dead or decaying matter?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are multicellular heterotrophs that do not have cell walls or chloroplasts?

    <p>Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification and Taxonomy

    • Evolutionary classification organizes organisms based on their evolutionary history.
    • Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
    • Linnaeus established a hierarchical classification system, including seven levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

    Taxonomic Hierarchy

    • Class: A taxon that includes similar orders.
    • Phylum: A taxon consisting of similar classes.
    • Family: Composed of similar genera.
    • Genus: Groups closely related species, sharing a recent common ancestor.
    • Order: Made up of similar families.

    Domains and Kingdoms

    • There are three domains of life: Eukarya (includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals), Bacteria (corresponds to kingdom Eubacteria), and Archaea (corresponds to kingdom Archaebacteria).
    • The six kingdoms in the classification system are Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

    Characteristics of Domains and Kingdoms

    • Domain Eukarya consists of organisms with nucleus-containing cells.
    • Domain Bacteria includes unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in cell walls.
    • Domain Archaea consists of unicellular prokaryotes that thrive in extreme conditions and have unique lipids in their membranes.
    • Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs with cellulose-based cell walls.
    • Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular heterotrophs without cell walls or chloroplasts.

    Cladistics and Phylogeny

    • Cladograms are diagrams representing evolutionary relationships based on derived characteristics.
    • Phylogeny studies the evolutionary relationships among organisms, revealing how lineages branch over time.
    • Derived characteristics are traits that appear in recent lineage branches but not in older relatives.

    Molecular Classification

    • Molecular clocks utilize genetic data to estimate evolutionary timelines and relationships.
    • Similarities in DNA and genes reveal surprising connections between diverse organisms, showing more recent common ancestry when sequences are alike.

    Key Figures

    • Carolus Linnaeus is the scientist who developed the classification system, identifying Plantae and Animalia as essential kingdoms.

    Similarities and Differences

    • Linnaeus based his groupings on visible similarities and differences.
    • Natural selection can create similarities among organisms in similar ecological niches, even if they do not share recent common ancestry.
    • Organisms are classified to study life's diversity through logical groupings based on genetic, morphological, and ecological characteristics.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the classification and taxonomy of organisms. This quiz covers evolutionary classification, the taxonomic hierarchy, and the three domains of life, including the six kingdoms. Explore how these systems help scientists understand biological diversity.

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