Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main advantage of a cell having a higher surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)?
What is the main advantage of a cell having a higher surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)?
- It allows for faster nutrient uptake and waste removal. (correct)
- It helps the cell to maintain a constant internal temperature.
- It makes the cell more resistant to damage.
- It increases the cell's ability to store energy.
As a cell grows larger, what happens to its surface area to volume ratio?
As a cell grows larger, what happens to its surface area to volume ratio?
- The ratio increases.
- The ratio remains constant.
- The ratio decreases. (correct)
- The ratio fluctuates depending on the cell type.
Which of the following is NOT a problem caused by a cell continuing to grow in size without dividing?
Which of the following is NOT a problem caused by a cell continuing to grow in size without dividing?
- Greater demand for resources.
- Decreased efficiency of nutrient uptake.
- Increased rate of waste removal. (correct)
- Reduced efficiency of DNA replication.
What is the primary reason why cells undergo cell division?
What is the primary reason why cells undergo cell division?
What process solves the surface area to volume ratio and cell demands issues?
What process solves the surface area to volume ratio and cell demands issues?
What is the primary function of chromosomes?
What is the primary function of chromosomes?
Which of the following increases faster as a cell grows?
Which of the following increases faster as a cell grows?
Why is the process of cell growth and division called a 'cycle'?
Why is the process of cell growth and division called a 'cycle'?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
Which of the following structures is responsible for attaching to and separating sister chromatids during anaphase?
Which of the following structures is responsible for attaching to and separating sister chromatids during anaphase?
What is the main difference between anaphase and telophase?
What is the main difference between anaphase and telophase?
What is the significance of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?
What is the significance of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?
What are the two main macromolecules that make up a chromosome?
What are the two main macromolecules that make up a chromosome?
During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow and produce new organelles?
During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow and produce new organelles?
What event occurs during the S phase of interphase?
What event occurs during the S phase of interphase?
Which of the following stages is not part of interphase?
Which of the following stages is not part of interphase?
What is the correct sequence of stages in mitosis?
What is the correct sequence of stages in mitosis?
What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Which of the following statements is true about the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) of daughter cells compared to the parent cell?
Which of the following statements is true about the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) of daughter cells compared to the parent cell?
What is the function of spindle fibers during mitosis?
What is the function of spindle fibers during mitosis?
How do animal and plant cells differ during cytokinesis?
How do animal and plant cells differ during cytokinesis?
What is the primary reason cancer cells can be difficult to treat compared to bacterial infections?
What is the primary reason cancer cells can be difficult to treat compared to bacterial infections?
What is the role of cyclin in the cell cycle?
What is the role of cyclin in the cell cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a malignant tumor?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a malignant tumor?
How does a defect in DNA ultimately lead to uncontrolled cell growth in cancer?
How does a defect in DNA ultimately lead to uncontrolled cell growth in cancer?
What is the main difference between the cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is the main difference between the cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Flashcards
Surface Area
Surface Area
The outside covering of an object.
Volume
Volume
The amount of space inside an object.
SA:V Ratio
SA:V Ratio
The ratio of surface area to volume in a cell.
Preferred SA:V Ratio
Preferred SA:V Ratio
Cells prefer a larger surface area relative to volume.
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Cell Growth Effect
Cell Growth Effect
As a cell grows, the SA:V ratio decreases.
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Cell Division
Cell Division
The process that solves SA:V ratio problems by creating smaller cells.
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Efficiency of Transport
Efficiency of Transport
Decreases as cell size increases due to lower SA:V ratio.
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Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
A series of events in a cell as it grows and divides.
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Cancer
Cancer
A disorder with uncontrolled cell growth due to cell cycle regulation failure.
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Cell Cycle and Cancer
Cell Cycle and Cancer
Defects in DNA cause errors in proteins, leading to uncontrolled progression through the cell cycle.
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Cyclin
Cyclin
A protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
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Tumors
Tumors
Masses of cells that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous and invasive).
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Cancer Treatment Difficulty
Cancer Treatment Difficulty
Cancer cells are similar to normal cells, making targeted treatment challenging without harming healthy cells.
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information.
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Centromere
Centromere
The region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined.
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Sister chromatids
Sister chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome, formed after DNA replication.
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Interphase
Interphase
The phase where the cell prepares for division, grows, and replicates DNA.
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Prophase
Prophase
The phase where the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles form.
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Metaphase
Metaphase
The phase where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell, attached to spindle fibers.
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Anaphase
Anaphase
The phase where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
The final division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate cells.
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G1 Phase
G1 Phase
The phase where the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins and organelles.
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S Phase
S Phase
The phase where DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated.
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G2 Phase
G2 Phase
The phase where organelles and molecules needed for cell division are produced.
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M Phase
M Phase
The phase of cell division including mitosis and cytokinesis.
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Stages of Mitosis
Stages of Mitosis
The stages include Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT).
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Mitosis vs Cytokinesis
Mitosis vs Cytokinesis
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, whereas cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
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Spindle Fibers Function
Spindle Fibers Function
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and help separate sister chromatids during mitosis.
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Surface Area and Volume
- Surface area is the outer covering of an object.
- Volume is the amount of space inside an object.
- A cell's surface is the cell membrane.
- A cell's volume is the cytoplasm and organelles inside the membrane.
- Cells prefer a high surface area to volume ratio.
- A higher surface area to volume ratio allows for faster transport of materials across the cell membrane.
- As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area.
- This results in a decreasing surface area to volume ratio.
- Decreasing efficiency of transport happens as cells get larger.
- Cells must divide to maintain efficiency and address issues of growth.
Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is a series of events that take place as a cell grows and divides.
- Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
- G1- the cell grows in size and makes proteins/organelles
- S- DNA is synthesized as chromosomes are replicated.
- G2- Organelles and molecules needed for cell division are made.
- The M phase (cell division) includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
- Mitosis- division of the nucleus
- Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm and full division of the 2 cells
- Plant and animal cells differ in cytokinesis.
- Animal cells form a cleavage furrow.
- Plant cells form a cell plate.
- Chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins.
- They hold the genetic information needed to make proteins.
- Spindle fibers organize division by anchoring to centromeres.
Cancer
- Cancer is a disorder where cells lose the ability to control the cell cycle.
- Cancer leads to uncontrolled cell growth and division.
- Cancer cells are similar to normal cells, making them hard to target without harming healthy cells.
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Description
Explore essential concepts in biology focusing on surface area, volume, and the cell cycle. Understand why cells prefer a high surface area to volume ratio and the phases of the cell cycle. Test your knowledge on these fundamental topics integral to cellular biology.