Biology: Specialized and Cell Types

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the dependent variable in the osmosis and potato practical?

Concentration

Volume of solution

Change in mass (correct)

Time

In microscopy, important observations should be drawn with a pen.

False

What is the process called when a cell becomes specialised?

Differentiation

The ______ transports water around the plant.

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

Match each specialised cell with its correct function:

Sperm = To get the male DNA to the female egg Nerve = To send electrical impulses around the body Muscle = To contract quickly Phloem = Transports manufactured nutrients around the plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Villi in the small intestine decrease the surface area ratio to absorb more digested food.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that involves the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

The gills of fish have structures called ______ that provide a large surface area for gas exchange.

lamellae Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Diffusion = Spreading of particles from high to low concentration Active Transport = Movement of substances against the concentration gradient Stomata = Small openings for gas exchange in leaves Osmosis = Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is NOT found in animal cells?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

Bacterial cells contain a true nucleus.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard form of the number 0.0006?

6 × 10^-4 Signup and view all the answers

The magnification is calculated by dividing the __________ by the actual size.

image size Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell types with their main characteristics:

Animal Cells = Have a true nucleus and lack a cell wall Plant Cells = Have chloroplasts and a cell wall Bacterial Cells = Lack a true nucleus and contain a plasmid Stem Cells = Capable of becoming any type of cell in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of stem cells?

Replacing faulty blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Adult stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell.

False Signup and view all the answers

The ________ consists of paired homologous chromosomes in humans.

nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Specialized Cells

Specialized cells have specific functions adapted to their role
Sperm cells are for fertilization, muscle cells for movement, and nerve cells for communication
These adaptations, like long tails for sperm, or long fibers for nerve cells, improve their function

Animal and Plant Cells

Plant and animal cells have structural differences; for example, plant cells have cell walls, while animal cells do not
Animal cells do contain mitochondria, but plant cells do include chloroplasts

Bacterial Cells

Bacterial cells lack a nucleus, a unique feature distinguishing them from plant and animal cells
Bacterial cells have a cell wall, a distinguishing characteristic and they also have a cell membrane

Chromosomes and Mitosis

Humans have 46 chromosomes, consisting of DNA
Mitosis is the duplication and distribution of chromosomes
This is a crucial cell division process enabling growth and repair

Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells, meaning they can become many different types of cells
Stem cells offer potential for medical therapies and research

Exchange - Humans

Specialized exchange organs like the lungs & intestines have large surface areas
This feature, enhanced by folds and thin walls, enables efficient material exchange, such as the uptake of oxygen in the lungs.

Exchange in Plants

Carbon dioxide and oxygen diffusion in plants occur in the leaves, aided by large surface areas of mesophyll cells.
The stomata (pores on the leaf surface) regulate these gas exchanges.

Key Processes

Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration areas
Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion, involving water movement
Active transport is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various cell types, including specialized, plant, animal, and bacterial cells. Learn about the unique structures and functions of these cells, along with critical processes like mitosis and the role of stem cells in biology.