Biology SBI4U Practice Test

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Questions and Answers

In two sentences, explain two key events influencing the population growth of humans on earth over the last 4000 years.

Answers will vary. Some examples may include reliable, large scale agriculture and sanitation methods.

Explain a societal factor that is a major contributor to the recent decline in birth rates in developed countries.

Answers will vary. Some examples may include increased female education and access to reliable birth control.

Calculate the ecological density of a population of 350 white-tailed deer that were confined to a 530 km 2 valley containing a lake measuring 80 km 2 in area.

0.78 deer/km2

What type of population growth does the graph reveal, overall?

Logistic growth Signup and view all the answers

Identify the three phases common to this pattern of growth by drawing two vertical lines on the above graph to indicate where the phases are changing, and then label each phase.

Lag phase, exponential growth phase, stationary phase Signup and view all the answers

Write out the mathematical equation of the model that explains the pattern of growth of the population.

$dN/dt = r_{\text{max}}N(K-N)/K$ Signup and view all the answers

From years 1 to 10, the deer population increases. Explain how this happens.

There are plentiful resources and little competition, and the deer are well-suited to the environment. Signup and view all the answers

How would the graph change if a competitor were introduced in year 17?

The graph would decrease earlier, due to the competitor utilizing some of the deer's available resources, lessening the carrying capacity of the environment for the deer. Signup and view all the answers

Glucose + fructose → sucrose + ______

water Signup and view all the answers

Pyruvate + 2H+ + 2 electrons → ______

lactate Signup and view all the answers

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + ______

H₂O Signup and view all the answers

Fe → Fe^{2+} + ______

2 electrons Signup and view all the answers

NaOH + HBr → ______ + NaBr

H2O Signup and view all the answers

Many glucoses → glycogen + ______

water Signup and view all the answers

Protein + water → many amino acids + ______

water Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent bond?

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the process of exocytosis to the process of endocytosis.

Exocytosis is the process by which cells expel material from within the cell into the extracellular fluid. Endocytosis is the process by which cells absorb material from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Mary roasted a turkey. Before she placed the turkey in the oven, she rubbed the turkey with a mixture of salt and sage. She cooked it by following the package's instructions exactly, but when she tasted the turkey a few hours later, she noticed that it was dry. Since her turkey did not overcook, what did Mary do wrong? Use biology terminology when you explain your answer.

Mary did not brine the turkey before roasting. The turkey was then placed in a hypertonic environment and water exited the turkey meat, drying it out. Signup and view all the answers

How does an enzyme “lower the activation energy” of a reaction?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by binding to the substrate and stabilizing the transition state. Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of ATP enable its function?

ATP is composed of an adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups. The bonds between the phosphate groups are high-energy bonds that can be broken to release energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between ATP and ADP?

ATP is adenosine triphosphate, and has three phosphate groups. ADP is adenosine diphosphate, and has two. ATP can be converted to ADP by breaking a phosphate bond, releasing energy. Signup and view all the answers

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Light Energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy (ATP)}$ Signup and view all the answers

What evidence of anaerobic cellular respiration would you expect to find if yeast were placed in a closed container, containing warm sugar water?

Ethanol and carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

What does the “dark” reaction (light-independent reaction) of photosynthesis receive from the "light” reaction (light-dependent reaction)?

ATP and NADPH Signup and view all the answers

Write the DNA strand that is complementary to the following: 5' ATTGCATTGGGGTA 3'

3' TAACGTAACCCCAT 5' Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Watson and Crick model of DNA structure.

The Watson and Crick model describes DNA as a double helix with two strands running antiparallel. The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside, and the nitrogenous bases are on the inside, held together by hydrogen bonds. Signup and view all the answers

Enzyme that prevents helix from super-coiling: ______

DNA gyrase Signup and view all the answers

Enzyme that glues together Okazaki fragments: ______

DNA ligase Signup and view all the answers

A DNA codon, GAC, is mutated so that there is a substitution of the second nucleotide, replacing the A with a G. What would be the corresponding mRNA codon?

CGC Signup and view all the answers

A DNA codon, GAC, is mutated so that there is a substitution of the second nucleotide, replacing the A with a G. What type of mutation would result?

Missense mutation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following biotechnology terms with their meanings:

DNA ladder = Used to leave markers of known nucleotide length along a gel Restriction endonuclease = Used to cut DNA at specific base pair sites along the sequence DNA amplification = Makes many copies of target DNA DNA barcoding = Used to identify the species from a sample of tissue Gel electrophoresis = Used to separate DNA by segment strand length Signup and view all the answers

Describe the three steps of urine formation. Include a description of the molecules involved during each step, and state whether active or passive transport (or both) is required.

The three steps are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Glomerular filtration is passive. Tubular reabsorption and secretion can be either active or passive depending on the molecule. Signup and view all the answers

Define the hormone estrogen. Include the gland that releases it, the target gland, and one example of an action that the hormone triggers in the body.

Estrogen is a sex hormone produced by the ovaries. It targets the uterus and is responsible for secondary sex characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Define the hormone cortisol. Include the gland that releases it, the target gland, and one example of an action that the hormone triggers in the body.

Cortisol is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It affects many tissues including the liver, and results in increased blood sugar levels. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of repolarization in a nerve.

Repolarization is the process of restoring the resting membrane potential of the nerve after depolarization. It involves the closing of sodium channels and the opening of potassium channels, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with the community interaction term:

Certain species of ants eat aphids that land on the plant under which the ants are living. = e) Predation Some species worms obtain their food by living in the intestines of other animals and eating the digesting material before it can be absorbed by the host animal. = h) Parasitism Remora fish attach themselves to whales or sharks to catch a free ride and obtain opportunistic meals, while causing no harm to their host. = g) Commensalism Certain species of ants protect aphids from predation by ladybugs. In turn, the ants obtain a meal of sugary 'honeydew’ released by the aphids. = f) Mutualism Two species of parrot both eat the same types of fruit. = d) Intraspecific competition Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ecological Density

The number of individuals of a population per unit area or volume actually available to them.

Logistic Growth

A pattern of population growth where the population increases rapidly, then stabilizes at the carrying capacity.