Biology Quiz: Plant Processes and Cell Types
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which factor does not influence electric field strength?

  • Type of object creating the charge
  • Magnitude of the charge
  • Temperature of the environment (correct)
  • Distance from the charged object

What is a significant disadvantage of rechargeable batteries?

  • They are not widely used in devices.
  • They recharge too quickly.
  • They produce excessive heat during use.
  • They have a limited lifespan. (correct)

What occurs when radiation ionizes an atom?

  • Electrons are added to the atom.
  • Electrons are knocked off the atom. (correct)
  • The atom loses its positive charge.
  • The atom becomes negatively charged.

What happens during electrical sparks?

<p>Static charge builds up and discharges suddenly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about hydrogen fuel cells is incorrect?

<p>They are currently less costly than rechargeable batteries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does high humidity affect transpiration?

<p>It decreases transpiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of monoclonal antibodies?

<p>Detecting the pregnancy hormone in urine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure allows root hair cells to efficiently absorb water and nutrients?

<p>Large vacuole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about guard cells is accurate?

<p>They control stomata opening and closing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of biological valves compared to mechanical valves?

<p>They are made from animal tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do thorns and spines play in plant defense?

<p>They stop herbivores from eating the plant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one risk factor that may increase the likelihood of developing skin cancer?

<p>UV light exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms are described as pathogens?

<p>Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might patients with biological valves need blood-thinning medication?

<p>To prevent blood clots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemical defense in plants?

<p>Poisonous substances repelling animals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the acrosome play in sperm cells?

<p>Breaking down the egg's outer layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of waxy cuticles in plants?

<p>To prevent water loss and discourage pathogens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a process involved in creating monoclonal antibodies?

<p>Injecting a mouse with an antigen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do specialized cells around the stomata respond to changes in water content?

<p>They swell and control stomatal opening when filled with water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition may result from carcinogens affecting cell division?

<p>Cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary factor is linked to an increased risk of bowel cancer?

<p>High-fat diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary ethical concern regarding the use of embryonic stem cells?

<p>Destruction of embryos during extraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

<p>To provide energy for muscle contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thigmotropism in plants?

<p>Movement in response to touch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of rejection with cloned embryos?

<p>Low if derived from the patient's own DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after exercise regarding oxygen requirements?

<p>Extra oxygen is needed to break down lactic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about muscle cells is correct?

<p>Muscle cells store glycogen for energy use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle involves the alignment and separation of chromosomes?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In multi-celled organisms, why is diffusion less efficient compared to single-celled organisms?

<p>Distance increases due to larger body size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of embryonic stem cells?

<p>Natural embryos from sources such as IVF (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do xylem cells play in plants?

<p>Transport water and minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do HIV antiretroviral drugs primarily do?

<p>Manage the disease but do not cure it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of adult stem cells?

<p>They are derived from consenting adult donors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of phloem cells in plants?

<p>To transport sugars and nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is oxygen debt?

<p>The amount of oxygen required to recover from anaerobic conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the first stage of the cell cycle?

<p>The cell grows and carries out normal functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plays a critical role in gene expression and the formation of specialized structures?

<p>The turning on or off of specific genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fusing lymphocytes with tumor cells?

<p>To create hybridomas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are hybridomas significant in medical research?

<p>They produce large amounts of antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the purification process of antibodies produced by hybridomas?

<p>Collecting the hybridomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as increasing cancer risk?

<p>Regular exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of tumor cells facilitates the fast growth of hybridomas?

<p>Their rapid division rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common properties do transition metals share with other metals?

<p>Electrical conductivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do chemicals in cells play according to the content?

<p>They react to produce electricity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental exposures contribute to cancer risk?

<p>They introduce toxins into the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Waxy Cuticle

The waxy layer on the surface of plants that prevents water loss and discourages pathogens.

Guard Cells

Specialized cells surrounding the stomata that control their opening and closing.

Pathogen

Any harmful microorganism (like bacteria, viruses, or fungi) that can cause disease in a host organism.

Transpiration

The process by which plants lose water vapor through tiny pores called stomata.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Turgid

Cells become swollen when filled with water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flaccid

Cells become shrunken when they lose water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physical Defenses in Plants

Physical defenses like bark, thorns, spines, and hairs that protect plants from microbes and herbivores.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chemical Defenses in Plants

Chemical defenses like poisons and aromatic oils that repel or kill harmful organisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oxygen Debt

The amount of oxygen that the body needs to replenish after strenuous activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Differentiation

The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function to perform specific tasks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diffusion

The process by which substances move across a cell membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aerobic Respiration

The process in which glucose and oxygen are broken down to release energy in the presence of oxygen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lactic Acid

The substance produced in the body when cells are deprived of oxygen, used for energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytoplasm

The fluid inside a cell that contains organelles and other structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Membrane

The outer layer of a cell that controls what enters and exits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Daughter Cells

Genetically identical copies of a cell produced by cell division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cells are derived from natural embryos, often from In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). These cells have the potential to develop into any cell type in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cloning

Cloning involves creating embryos that are genetically identical to a donor. It raises ethical concerns similar to those surrounding human cloning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thigmotropism

Thigmotropism is when plants grow or move in response to touch. A classic example is the Venus Flytrap.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Camouflage

Camouflage is a defense mechanism where plants blend into their environment to avoid being eaten. This minimizes their visibility to predators.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Cell Cycle (Stages)

The cell cycle consists of three stages: growth, mitosis, and cytokinesis. During mitosis, chromosomes are duplicated and separated to create two identical nuclei.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HIV Antiretroviral Drugs

HIV antiretroviral drugs can manage HIV infection by controlling the virus's replication, but they cannot cure the disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cellular Respiration in Plants

Plants use glucose, water, and carbon dioxide to create energy through cellular respiration, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Root Hair Cells

These tiny hair-like projections on root cells increase the surface area for efficient absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vacuole in Plant Cells

A large, fluid-filled sac within plant cells that helps maintain turgor pressure and store nutrients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acrosome in Sperm Cells

A specialized structure at the tip of a sperm cell that contains enzymes for breaking down the outer layer of an egg cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mitochondria in Sperm Cells

Powerful organelles in sperm cells that provide the energy needed for movement towards the egg cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Lactic Acid?

A substance produced by the body when cells are deprived of oxygen, which can build up during intense physical activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Carcinogen?

A substance that can cause cancer cells to divide uncontrollably.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Cancer Risk Factors?

Cancer causing factors that increase the risk of developing cancer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Monoclonal Antibody Therapy?

A type of therapy that uses antibodies produced by a single clone of immune cells to target specific cells or substances in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electric Field Strength and Force

The force exerted by an electric field on a charged object is directly proportional to the strength of the field. This means a stronger electric field will exert a greater force on the charge, causing it to accelerate more rapidly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electric Field Strength and Distance

The electric field strength weakens as you move farther away from the charged object. Imagine a light bulb; the closer you are, the brighter the light. As you move further away, the brightness decreases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electric Field Strength and Charge

The electric field strength is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge creating the field. The more charge an object has, the stronger the electric field it produces. More charge means a bigger influence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Ionization?

Ionization occurs when radiation interacts with atoms, knocking electrons off and creating ions (positively or negatively charged atoms). This process is crucial for understanding how radiation interacts with matter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Electrical Sparks?

Electric sparks are sudden discharges of static electricity that occur when a large potential difference builds up between two objects. This sudden flow of charge releases energy in the form of light and heat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are hybridomas?

Hybridomas are cells created by fusing a tumor cell with an antibody-producing lymphocyte. This fusion combines the tumor cell's rapid division capability with the lymphocyte's ability to produce specific antibodies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the process of creating hybridomas?

The process of creating hybridomas involves fusing lymphocytes (white blood cells that produce antibodies) with tumor cells. This fusion results in hybrid cells that can produce large amounts of antibodies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are hybridomas used for?

Hybridomas are used to produce large quantities of monoclonal antibodies, which are antibodies that target a single specific antigen. These antibodies are essential for research, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are antibodies purified from hybridomas?

The process of extracting and purifying antibodies from hybridomas involves collecting the antibodies produced by the hybridomas, separating them from other cell components, and then purifying them to remove unwanted substances, ensuring high-quality, targeted antibodies for various uses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a common property of all metals, and how does it relate to transition metals?

Transition metals share common properties with all metals, such as good electrical conductivity. This means they conduct electricity well in both solid and liquid states.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is missing from the model in terms of how substances behave?

The model does not show the forces between particles, which affect how substances behave. These forces can be attractive or repulsive, influencing properties like melting point, boiling point, and solubility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do cells produce electricity?

Cells contain chemicals that react to produce electricity. This is because the movement of charged particles within the cells creates an electrical current. This electrical activity is essential for various cellular processes like nerve impulses and muscle contractions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does alcohol consumption affect cancer risk?

Alcohol consumption can increase the risk of various cancers, including liver, breast, and mouth cancers. This is because alcohol can damage cells and interfere with their normal functioning, increasing the likelihood of mutations that lead to cancer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

High Humidity and Transpiration

  • High humidity reduces transpiration.
  • Wind increases transpiration.
  • High heat increases transpiration.
  • Bright light increases transpiration.

Pathogens

  • Pathogens are harmful microorganisms causing disease.
  • Waxy cuticle prevents water loss.
  • Guard cells control stomata opening/closing.
  • Turgid guard cells open stomata, flaccid ones close.

Specialized Cells

  • Guard cells control stomata opening and closing.
  • When guard cells are turgid (swollen), stomata open.
  • When guard cells are flaccid (shrunken), stomata close.

Monoclonal Antibodies

  • Used in cancer treatment by targeting cancer cells directly.
  • Used in pregnancy tests to detect pregnancy hormone (hCG).
  • Used in disease detection to find specific proteins/hormones in blood or urine.
  • Used to treat autoimmune diseases by stopping immune system attacks.
  • Used for targeted drug/radiation delivery to specific cells.

Embryonic Stem Cells

  • Source: Natural embryos (e.g., IVF).
  • Ethical concerns: Embryo destruction.
  • High rejection risk if from donor embryo.
  • Can differentiate into any cell type.
  • No pain.

Cloning

  • Source: Cloned embryos genetically identical to donor.
  • Ethical concerns similar to cloning humans.
  • Low rejection risk if from patient's own DNA.
  • Adult sources have limited cell types.
  • Stem cell collection painful for consenting donors.

Cell Cycle Stages

  • The cell grows, performs normal functions.
  • DNA is copied, organelles duplicate.
  • Cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Physical Defenses (Plants)

  • Bark, outer layers protect against microbes.
  • Thorns, spines, hairs deter herbivores.
  • Wax coatings prevent water loss, discourage pathogens.

Chemical Defenses (Plants)

  • Poisons (e.g., mint, hazel) kill/repel microbes, animals.
  • Aromatic oils repel/kill harmful organisms.

Mechanical Defenses (Plants)

  • Thigmotropism (plant response to touch, e.g., sensitive plant).
  • Camouflage masks plants from predators.

Cellular Respiration and Lactate

  • If oxygen is not available, cells convert glucose into lactate, releasing less energy.
  • The body needs extra oxygen to break down lactate after exercise.
  • This extra oxygen used to remove lactate is known as oxygen debt.

HIV Treatment

  • Antiretroviral drugs can manage HIV, but not cure it.

Summary of Differentiation Changes (Cells)

  • Shape, structure, and function change as cells specialize.
  • Gene expression determines protein synthesis and structural changes.
  • Examples of specialized cells: nerve, muscle, phloem, xylem, root hair, sperm cells.

Carcinogens and Cancer Risk

  • Carcinogens cause cancer by uncontrolled cell division.
  • Risk factors include UV light (skin cancer), smoking (lung cancer), high-fat/low-fiber diet (bowel cancer), alcohol (liver, breast, mouth cancer), genetic mutations, and environmental exposures.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Biology Presentation25 PDF

Description

This quiz covers key topics in biology, including the effects of humidity on transpiration, the role of pathogens, specialized cells like guard cells, and the applications of monoclonal antibodies and embryonic stem cells. Test your understanding of how these concepts interrelate in the context of plant biology and human health.

More Like This

Transpiration Process in Plants
5 questions

Transpiration Process in Plants

ImpeccableStarlitSky avatar
ImpeccableStarlitSky
Transpiration in Plants
6 questions

Transpiration in Plants

UnforgettableRhenium avatar
UnforgettableRhenium
Transpiration in Plants
45 questions

Transpiration in Plants

LeadingSurrealism8898 avatar
LeadingSurrealism8898
Plant Processes: Transpiration and Translocation
28 questions

Plant Processes: Transpiration and Translocation

UserReplaceableParadox3857 avatar
UserReplaceableParadox3857
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser